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Nanomaterials in Biofuels Research pp 213–250Cite as

Nanomaterial-Immobilized Biocatalysts for Biofuel Production from Lignocellulose Biomass

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Part of the book series: Clean Energy Production Technologies ((CEPT))

Abstract

Enzymes are employed in several fields of basic and applied research as biocatalysts in green chemistry, biosensor, nanobioelectronics, biofuel, and pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnological industries. In present scenario, the diminution of fossil fuels gained the attention of researchers for substitute and sustainable renewable energy resources for biofuel production to combat worldwide energy consumption. The enzyme immobilization as biocatalysts for biofuel applications from lignocellulosic biomasses is found to produce highest percentage of bioethanol. The enzyme immobilization is a fundamental tool to reduce the cost and harness their benefits. The stabilization of enzymes using immobilization helps in efficient recovery from the reaction conditions after biocatalysis and hence makes laborious separation steps easy and permits repetitive use of enzymes. Besides this, it offers several other advantages such as stabilization against harsh reaction conditions, thermodynamic and kinetic stability, surface- and volume-confined enzyme environments, ability to design multi-step reaction, and reduced formation of undesired products which makes easy separation of soluble end products than free enzymes. The different methods of enzyme immobilization either involve adsorption or covalent bonding or encapsulation or a combination of different methods. Several types of nanoparticles and nanocomposites are being used for the stabilization of enzymes which retain the enzyme activity even after immobilization. This book chapter will cover the developments in coupled strategies and the deeper knowledge in stabilization of enzymes with special emphasis on the possibilities of nanomaterial coupled immobilization for operational stabilities in biofuel application.

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Acknowledgment

Authors are thankful to SEED division, DST, GOI for the award of project under Scheme for Young Scientists and Technologists (SEED-TIASN-023-2018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Richa Salwan

  2. University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India

    Anu Sharma & Vivek Sharma

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  1. Richa Salwan
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  2. Anu Sharma
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  3. Vivek Sharma
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Manish Srivastava

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Neha Srivastava

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    P. K. Mishra

  4. Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, ERA Chair VALORTECH, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia

    Vijai Kumar Gupta

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Salwan, R., Sharma, A., Sharma, V. (2020). Nanomaterial-Immobilized Biocatalysts for Biofuel Production from Lignocellulose Biomass. In: Srivastava, M., Srivastava, N., Mishra, P., Gupta, V. (eds) Nanomaterials in Biofuels Research. Clean Energy Production Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9333-4_9

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