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Medical Imaging Methods pp 119–141Cite as

Noninvasive Imaging Techniques of Metal Nanoparticles and Their Future Diagnostic Applications

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Abstract

Bio-imaging offers visualization of complex living systems for clinical diagnosis and detection of the diseases. The critical challenges that are associated with conventional contrasting agents or imaging probes are toxic effects and shorter circulation time in the body. Therefore, bio-imaging requires advancements in imaging probes and contrast agents for better understanding of the biological architectures to diagnose the disease. Recent advancements of nanoscience and nanotechnology have changed the paradigm of bio-imaging by providing the better resolution, high contrast images to diagnose the diseases at the molecular level. Also, nanotechnology offers the theranostic approach to diagnose and treat the disease using various nanomaterials that are functionalized with imaging agents and therapeutic molecules. In fact, various imaging techniques are now employing nanomaterials as sole source of imaging signal rather using as contrast objective. The present review article mainly focuses on the application of various nanomaterials in imaging modalities including MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), Raman based, luminescence upconversion imaging, CT (computed tomography), fluorescence imaging, etc. Additionally, we also review the recent advancements that occurred with the help of nanomaterials in each of these imaging techniques. Further, present clinical status of nanomaterials as imaging agents will also be discussed. We conclude with the various challenges associated with nanomaterials for clinical translation as imaging agents. Finally, we focus the insights of nanoparticle-based bio-imaging for future diagnostic applications.

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Abbreviations

ABC:

Accelerated blood clearance

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

AuNPs:

Gold nanoparticles

CARS:

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

CeO2:

Cerium dioxide

CNS:

Central nervous system

CT:

Computed tomography

ESIONs:

Extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles

FDA:

Food and drug administration

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

FRET:

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer

GBNs:

Gadolinium based-nanoparticles

GSH:

Glutathione

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

IGT:

Image guided therapy

LLC:

Lewis lung carcinoma

MAP:

Maximum intensity projections

MCS:

Merocyanines

MPR:

Magnetic resonance-photoacoustic-Raman

MRgFUS:

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRS:

Magnetic relaxation switch

MSOT:

Multispectral optoacoustic tomography

NIH:

NIH-3T3- Mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line

OCT:

Optical coherence tomography

PAA:

Polyacrylic acid

PAI:

Photoacoustic imaging

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PLGA:

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)

PSMA:

Prostate-specific membrane antigen

QDs:

Quantum dots

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

SERS:

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

SiNPs:

Silica nanoparticles

SKOV3:

Human breast cancer cell line

SLN:

Sentinel lymph node

SPIONs:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

SP-PCL:

Spiropyran-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone)

Ti(SP)4:

Tetra spiropyran titanate

TiO2:

Titanium oxide

UCL:

Upconversion luminescence

UCNPs:

Upconversion nanoparticles

ZnO:

Zinc oxide

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Acknowledgments

The Authors are thankful to the Director, CSIR-IICT for his support and encouragement and for his keen interest in this work. IICT communication number IICT/Pubs./2019/113 dated March 25th 2019 for this manuscript is duly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Sourav Das, Rajesh Kotcherlakota & Chitta Ranjan Patra

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, India

    Sourav Das, Rajesh Kotcherlakota & Chitta Ranjan Patra

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  1. Sourav Das
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Correspondence to Chitta Ranjan Patra .

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  1. Department of Physics, Ewing Christian College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ashutosh Kumar Shukla

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Das, S., Kotcherlakota, R., Patra, C.R. (2019). Noninvasive Imaging Techniques of Metal Nanoparticles and Their Future Diagnostic Applications. In: Shukla, A. (eds) Medical Imaging Methods. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9121-7_5

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