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Sensory Biology of Plants pp 569–598Cite as

Integration of Multiple Signaling Cues

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Abstract

Plants and other eukaryotes are quite complex organisms. They have highly specialized tissues carrying out various tasks. The activities of all these tissues is to be coordinated for normal function of plants. For example, when there are enough resources that are available for uptake by roots, aerial parts should be geared up for increased biosynthetic activity. They would need some communication to be ready for this enhanced biosynthetic activity. When conditions are not favorable, then plants would like to shut off or slow down biosynthetic activity to be in survival mode and wait for unfavorable conditions to go away. These unfavorable conditions are mostly sensed at the membrane level, and the biosynthetic activities are controlled at the nuclear level by genes and transcription factors regulating genes. The environmental conditions affecting plants can be varied like heat stress, cold stress, drought stress, or infection by some pathogen. These may be sensed in different ways but the effect may be a common effect, like decreasing or increasing the growth. This suggests that different signals might converge and crosstalk to achieve the desirable responses of plants in response to various developmental or environmental cues. We have identified some of the candidates which are involved in signal integration. Role of these integrators like Della proteins, calcium, phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs), constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1), ubiquitin ligases, mitogen-activated kinases, WRKY proteins, and mediator complex has been discussed. All these integrators mediate responses of plants to more than one environmental factor. These signal integrators have been found to also interact with each other. The complexity of the signal integration can be highlighted by one fascinating example of signal integration involving Della proteins, which were initially identified as repressor of gibberellin responses. C-repeat binding factor (CBF1), which mediates responses to cold/desiccation stresses and PIFs, which were initially found to mediate light responses, stimulate expression of genes encoding Della proteins. Della proteins on the other hand are involved in mediating responses of several other hormones, including auxin, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroid at various levels.

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Acknowledgments

AKS acknowledges the continuous financial support of DBT as project grants numbered BT/PR6983/PBD/16/1007/2012 and BT/COE/34/SP15209/2015, infrastructure support of UGC in the form of SAP to the department, financial support of DST in the form of Purse grant, and in the form of infrastructure support in FIST programme to the department. The work in the laboratory of YM is funded by grant from DBT (project No. BT/BPA/118/206/2016), DST (EMR/2016/002780), and DU-DST Purse.

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  1. Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Priya Gambhir, Shweta Sharma & Arun Kumar Sharma

  2. Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Diksha Bhola & Yashwanti Mudgil

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  1. Priya Gambhir
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  1. International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

    Sudhir Sopory

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Gambhir, P., Bhola, D., Sharma, S., Mudgil, Y., Sharma, A.K. (2019). Integration of Multiple Signaling Cues. In: Sopory, S. (eds) Sensory Biology of Plants. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8922-1_21

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