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Sustainable Management and Restoration of the Fertility of Damaged and Contaminated Lands and Soils

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Soil Health Restoration and Management

Abstract

The material is related to the description of the existing methods of technical and biological recultivation in order to restore the fertility of the damaged lands and soils by the traditional method – using humus soil material. New, innovative technologies are recommended to smoothly restore soil fertility by using waste products. The two stages of reclamation – technical and biological – are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of their implementation are examined. Various technological solutions have been justified to restore the fertility of damaged terrain by using reclamation substrates, which are mixtures of geological and waste materials in different proportions depending on the physicochemical characteristics of the individual components. Also used is a biological substrate with different components, mixed in volume ratios – geological materials with mild to heavy sandy-clayey mechanical composition, organic matter (humus), low nutrients for plants and lack of toxic components and compost materials. Technological developments for the recultivation of landfills by using sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which compensate for the shortage of humus materials, have been considered. The characteristics of the sediments reveal that they are an organic mass rich in macro- and trace elements and can be used as a fertilizer and source for enrichment of soils with organic matter and nutrients in reclamation activities.

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Abbreviations

Ag:

Argentum

Al:

Aluminium

Al2O3 :

Aluminium oxide

As:

Arsenicum

Au:

Aurum

BDS:

Bulgarian State Standard

CaO:

Calcium oxide

Cd:

Cadmium

Co:

Cobalt

Cr:

Chromium

Cu:

Copper

Fe met.:

Iron

Fe:

Iron

FeO+Fe2O3 :

Iron(II) oxide + iron(III) oxide

Ga:

Gallium

Ge:

Germanium

K2O:

Potassium oxide

MgO:

Magnesium oxide

Mn:

Manganum

MnO:

Manganum oxide

MPC:

Maximum permissible concentration

Na2O:

Sodium oxide

Ni:

Nickel

N-NH4 :

Ammonium

N-NO3 :

Nitrate

P2O5 :

Diphosphorus pentoxide

P2O5 :

Phosphorus pentoxide

Pb:

Plumbum

pH (H2O):

Acid water

pH (KCL):

Acid potassium chloride

pH:

Acid

S:

Sulphur

Sb:

Stibium

Se:

Selenium

Se:

Selenium

SiO2 :

Silicon dioxide

S2O4 :

Sulfite

Te:

Tellurium

TiO2 :

Titanium dioxide

WWTP:

Wastewater treatment plant

WWTPs:

Wastewater treatment plants

Zn:

Zinc

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genesis, Geography and Soil Classification, Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Martin Banov

  2. Department of Soil Erosion, Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Svetla Rousseva

  3. University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Pavel Pavlov

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  1. Martin Banov
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  2. Svetla Rousseva
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  3. Pavel Pavlov
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martin Banov .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

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Banov, M., Rousseva, S., Pavlov, P. (2020). Sustainable Management and Restoration of the Fertility of Damaged and Contaminated Lands and Soils. In: Meena, R. (eds) Soil Health Restoration and Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8570-4_4

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