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Environmental Contaminants: Ecological Implications and Management pp 1–23Cite as

Agro-industrial Wastes: Environmental Toxicology, Risks, and Biological Treatment Approaches

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Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 14))

Abstract

The great challenge for agro-industries, the “green chemistry” market, and related areas in recent years is to find viable alternatives to reduce dependence on the use of fossil fuels and traditional chemical solvents in energy production. These can have negative effects on human and environment health, combined with insecurity due to their high potential for flammability, volatility, and toxicity. As a solution, natural origin sources have become a scientific and industrial trend in biofuel generation. Lignocellulosic biomass, which includes solid organic waste consisting mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin (LiP) and liquid waste composed of organic matter and suspended solids, is an economically viable alternative, since it comes from natural and renewable sources. Besides that, when used as raw material, it promotes a significant reduction in the production process final cost; and it conforms to sustainable development. However, cellulosic content pretreatment is necessary, mainly to break the lignin chemical structure and to remove other recalcitrant components. Biological treatment, specifically with white rot fungi (WRF), emerges as an excellent technology in organic product degradation, mainly to those which resist conventional treatment. They have a nonspecific and oxidative ligninolytic enzyme system, composed of the enzymes laccase (Lac) and manganese peroxidase (MnP), which are able to convert bioavailable polysaccharides in the vegetal wall structure (cellulose and hemicellulose) into sugars of easy assimilation and promote degradation of various agroindustrial wastes and effluents. In addition, toxicity is importantly addressed by new scientific, industrial, and political strategies which assist in the evaluation of these wastes’ toxic interactions and their consequences that affect the ecosystem water bodies. In this context, this chapter focuses mainly on several aspects of biological treatment with white rot fungi and their ligninolytic enzyme production as a sustainable technology to degrade agro-industrial residues and components of lignocellulosic biomass into products with high added value. As well, it aims to study the eco-toxicity to estimate maximum permissible levels of toxic compounds. In general, this new approach is an alternative method for obtaining technological products and processes that enable the improvement of industrial sustainability through the use of ecologically renewable inputs, as well as reducing costs and increasing process efficiency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post-Graduate Program on Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

    Débora da Silva Vilar, Ianny Andrade Cruz, Renan Tavares Figueiredo, Luciano de Melo, Iraí Tadeu Ferreira de Resende, Katlin Ivon Barrios Eguiluz & Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira

  2. Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

    Nádia Hortense Torres, Renan Tavares Figueiredo, Katlin Ivon Barrios Eguiluz & Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira

  3. Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Microbiology (DM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Naresh Bharagava

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  1. Débora da Silva Vilar
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  9. Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
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Correspondence to Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira .

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  1. Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Microbiology (DM), School for Environmental Sciences (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Naresh Bharagava

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da Silva Vilar, D. et al. (2019). Agro-industrial Wastes: Environmental Toxicology, Risks, and Biological Treatment Approaches. In: Bharagava, R. (eds) Environmental Contaminants: Ecological Implications and Management . Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 14. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7904-8_1

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