Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Tree Improvement in Red Sanders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Red Sanders: Silviculture and Conservation

  • 153 Accesses

Abstract

Red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus) is acclaimed for its fabulous timber character and is highly adored for its red-coloured dye santalin and opulent heartwood. This highly prized endangered and endemic tree lured illicit international trade and is controlled by ruthless mafia. The tree has typically two different qualities which determine their value, one has wavy grain wood texture impregnated with intense scarlet red santalin principles and the other with straight grained texture with relatively light colour. Because of this mixed population of elite and non-elite genotypes, red sanders deserves tree improvement programs for its sustainable utilization. Any tree improvement program can be successful with the availability of information on phenology, reproduction biology, genetic and molecular status and breeding techniques. In this review various methods practiced for improvement, limitations and future scope is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anuradha M, Pullaiah T (1998) Investigations on germination of enhanced axillary branching in Pterocarpus santalinus (red sanders) with special reference to in vitro seed culture. Indian For 124:309–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Anuradha M, Pullaiah T (1999) Propagation studies of red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus L. f.) in vitro- an endangered taxon of Andhra Pradesh, India. Taiwania 44(3):311–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Arif IA, Khan HA, Bahkali AH, Homaidan AA, Farhan AH, Al Sadoon M, Shobrak M (2011) DNA marker technology for wildlife conservation. Saudi J Biol Sci 18(3):219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.03.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Arockiasamy S, Ignacimuthu S, Melchias G (2000) Influences of growth regulators and explants type on in vitro shoot propagation and rooting of red sandal wood (Pterocarpus santalinus L. f.). J Exp Biol 48:1270–1273

    Google Scholar 

  • Arunkumar AN (2011) Variability studies in Pterocarpus santalinus in different aged plantations of Karnataka. My For 47(4):343–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Balaraju K, Agastian P, Ignacimuthu S (2011) A rapid in vitro propagation of red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus L. f.) using shoot tip explants. Acta Physiologeae Plant 33:2501–2510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bi WL, Pan C, Hao XY, Cui ZH, Kher MM, Markovic Z, Wang QC, Teixeira da Silva JA (2017) Cryopreservation of grapevine (Vitis spp.) – a review. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 53:449–460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burley J (1987) Application of biotechnology in forestry and rural development. Commonw For Rev 66:357–367

    Google Scholar 

  • Comstock RE (1977) Quantitative genetics and the design of breeding programs. In: Pollak E, Kempthorne O, Bailey TB (eds) Proceedings of international conference on quantitative genetics. Iowa State University Press, Ames, pp 705–718

    Google Scholar 

  • Dayanand T, Lohidas T (1988) Studies on development and maturity of red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f.). Indian J For 11:207–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Jyothi CP, Chandrashekar R, Lakshmi B (2014) Isolation of Pterocarpus santalinus L. f. genomic DNA, for quality check and quantification with reference to Telangana region, Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian J Sci 8:21–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalimuthu K, Lakshmanan KK (1995) Effect of different treatments on pod germination of Pterocarpus species. Indian J For 18:104

    Google Scholar 

  • Kedharnath S (1984) Forest tree improvement in India. Proc Indian Acad Sci (Plant Sci) 93(3):401–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Kedharnath S, Rawat (1976) Studies on variation in fibre morphology in wavy grained and straight grained trees of red sanders. Indian For 102(7):441–446

    Google Scholar 

  • Kher MM, Nataraj M, Teixeira da Silva JA (2016) Micropropagation of Crataeva L. species. Rend Lincei 27:157–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ledig FT (1974) An analysis of methods for the selection of trees from wild stands. For Sci 20:2–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohidas T, Dayanand T (1984) Some distinguishing characteristics between wavy grained and straight grained trees of red sanders. Indian J For 7:69–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Manoj Kumar M, Reddy M, Nadagoudar B (1998) Application of tissue culture techniques in tree improvement. In: Puri S (ed) Tree improvement – applied research and technology transfer. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp 249–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Naidu CV (2000) Seed scarification requirement in Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f. J Indian Bot Soc 79:175–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Naidu CV (2001a) Improvement of seed germination in red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f.) by plant growth regulators. Indian J Plant Physiol 6:205–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naidu CV (2001b) Seed pretreatment methods to improve germination in red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinusLinn. f.). Indian J For 24:342–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Naidu CV, Rajendrudu G (2001) Influence of kinetin and nitrogenous salts on seed germination of red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f.). Seed Sci Technol 29:669–672

    Google Scholar 

  • Nataraj M, Kher MM, Teixeira da Silva JA (2016) Micropropagation of Clerodendrum L. species: a review. Rend Lincei 27:169–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Padmalatha K, Prasad MNV (2007) Morphological and molecular diversity in Pterocarpus santalinus L.f – an endemic and endangered medicinal plant. Med Aromat Plant Sc Biotechnol 1:263–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Padmalatha K, Prasad MNV (2008) In vitro plant regeneration of Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. (red sanders) – an endangered medicinal plant and important timber tree. Tree For Sci Biotechnol 2(1):1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash E, Shavalikhan PS, Srinivasa Rao TJV, Meru ES (2006) Micropropagation of red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus L.) using nodal explants. J For Res 11(5):329–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puri S (1998) Plus-tree selection as a tool in tree improvement. In: Puri S (ed) Tree improvement – applied research and technology transfer. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp 97–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai MK, Shekhawat NS (2014) Recent advances in genetic engineering for improvement of fruit crops. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 116:1–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajeswari V, Paliwal K (2008) In vitro plant regeneration of red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus L. f.) from cotyledonary nodes. Indian J Biotechnol 7:541–546

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rani JS, Usha R (2013) Development of RAPD and specific SCAR markers for the identification of Pterocarpus santalinus L. J Cell Tissue Res 13(3):3809–3816

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao SP, Raju AJS (2002) Pollination ecology of the red sanders Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae), an endemic and endangered tree species. Curr Sci 83:1144–1148

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawat MS, Uniyal DP (1996) Identification of wavy grained red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus) at nursery stage. Indian For 122:9–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy KK, Srivasuki KP (1990) Vegetative propagation of red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f.). Indian For 116(7):536–540

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy KK, Srivasuki KP (1992) Biotechnological approach for tree improvement in red sanders. Indian For 118:15–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarita S, Bhatnagar SP, Bhojwani SS (1988) Preliminary investigations on micropropagation of leguminous timber tree Pterocarpus santalinus. Phytomorphology 38:41–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Sita GL, Swamy R (1998) Application of biotechnology in forest trees – clonal multiplication of sandalwood, rosewood, eucalyptus, teak and bamboos by tissue culture in India. In: Puri S (ed) Tree improvement – applied research and technology transfer. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp 233–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Sita GL, Sreenatha KS, Sujata S (1992) Plantlet production from shoot tip cultures of red sandal wood (Pterocarpus santalinus L. f.). Curr Sci 62(7):532–535

    Google Scholar 

  • Soundararajan V, Joshi SC (2012) Tree improvement. In: Endemic possessions of Eastern Ghats: red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f). Institute of Wood Science and Technology, (ICFRE), Bangalore, pp 23–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Swamy MK, Anuradha M (2011) Analysis of genetic variability in Patchouli cultivars (Pogostemoncablin Benth.) by using RAPD markers. Res Biotechnol 2(6):64–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira da Silva JA, Zeng S, Wicaksono A, Kher MM, Kim H, Hosokawa M, Dewir YH (2017) In vitro propagation of African violet: a review. South Afr J Bot 112:501–507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira da Silva JA, Kher MM, Soner D, Nataraj M (2018) Indian Kino tree (Pterocarpus marsupium): propagation, micropropagation and biotechnology. Environ Exp Biol 16:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tippani R, Yarra R, Bulle M, Porika M, Abbagani S, Thammidala C (2013) In vitro plantlet regeneration and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of Indian Kino tree (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.). Acta Physiologea Plant 35:3437–3446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warakagoda P, Subasinghe S (2013) In vitro propagation of Pterocarpus santalinus L. f. (red sandalwood) through tissue culture. J Natl Sci Found Sri Lanka 41(1):53–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rishi Foundation, Bangalore, India

    B. K. Indu

  2. Department of Biotechnology, The Oxford College of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    R. Kavyashree

  3. Department of IT, BT and S&T, Government of Karnataka, Karnataka Innovation & Technology Society, Bangalore, India

    S. Balasubramanya

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Padmashree Institute of Management and Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    M. Anuradha

Authors
  1. B. K. Indu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Kavyashree
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Balasubramanya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Anuradha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India

    T. Pullaiah

  2. Department of IT, BT and S&T, Government of Karnataka, Karnataka Innovation & Technology Society, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    S. Balasubramanya

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Padmashree Institute of Management and Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    M. Anuradha

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Indu, B.K., Kavyashree, R., Balasubramanya, S., Anuradha, M. (2019). Tree Improvement in Red Sanders. In: Pullaiah , T., Balasubramanya , S., Anuradha , M. (eds) Red Sanders: Silviculture and Conservation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7627-6_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation