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Management of Choroidal Hemangioma

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Ocular Oncology

Part of the book series: Current Practices in Ophthalmology ((CUPROP))

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Abstract

Choroidal hemangioma, a benign vascular tumor, exists in two clinically distinct forms as either a circumscribed or a diffuse lesion and typically involves the posterior pole. Most patients present with decreased visual acuity secondary to subretinal fluid (SRF). In addition to exam, optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultrasonography, fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green (ICGA) angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) all play a role in the diagnosis of choroidal hemangioma. This chapter explores various approaches to therapy, both historical and current, used to treat this choroidal tumor and secondary exudative retinal detachment (ERD). Treatment modalities include laser photocoagulation, transpupillary thermotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), intravitreal anti-VEGF or steroid injection, systemic beta-blockers, plaque brachytherapy, proton beam irradiation, external beam radiotherapy, and gamma knife irradiation. There are many considerations to treatment which include size of the tumor, presence or absence of exudative retinal detachment, prior treatment failures, patient’s ability to undergo surgery, and other comorbidities. Time between onset of symptoms and treatment has been shown to affect visual prognosis.

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Abbreviations

CCH:

Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma

CME:

Cystoid macular edema

CNV:

Choroidal neovascularization

DCH:

Diffuse choroidal hemangioma

ERD:

Exudative retinal detachment

FA:

Fluorescein angiography

ICG-A:

Indocyanine green angiography

IVB:

Intravitreal bevacizumab

IVT:

Intravitreal triamcinolone

LSRT:

Lens-sparing radiotherapy

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NVD:

Neovascularization of the disc

NVE:

Retinal neovascularization elsewhere

OCT:

Optical coherence tomography

OCT-A:

Optical coherence tomography angiography

PDT:

Photodynamic therapy

RPE:

Retinal pigment epithelium

SRF:

Subretinal fluid

SWS:

Sturge-Weber syndrome

TTT:

Transpupillary thermotherapy

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Brent E. Aebi & Denis Jusufbegovic

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  1. Brent E. Aebi
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  2. Denis Jusufbegovic
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Correspondence to Denis Jusufbegovic .

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  1. University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

    Aparna Ramasubramanian

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Aebi, B.E., Jusufbegovic, D. (2019). Management of Choroidal Hemangioma. In: Ramasubramanian, A. (eds) Ocular Oncology . Current Practices in Ophthalmology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7538-5_8

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