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Small Farmers and Sustainable N and P Management: Implications and Potential Under Changing Climate

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Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil

Abstract

The use of inorganic fertilizers has been an efficient way to increase agricultural production. Ever-increasing global population threatening food security, risks of changing climate affecting plant productivity, and the need for environment-friendly agriculture are all requiring the rational use of fertilizers to improve their use efficiencies. The increase in agricultural production in the recent past and in the future is associated with intensified (many folds) use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers, whose irrational use threatens the neighboring micro- and macro-environments by polluting them (e.g., eutrophication) and thus affecting the functioning of nearby animal and plant ecosystems. Therefore, this chapter critically focuses on these challenges faced by the small farmers with persistence farming in managing the precise use of nitrogenous and phosphorus (P) fertilizers. A highlight is given on the socioeconomic features of this persistence farming, which are the key drivers for decision-making in all the agricultural activities of this type of farming. In addition, the interaction of fertilizer management and crop production is provided with respect to small farms, and the review on management strategies for rational use of fertilizers proposed by esteemed international organizations and agencies is described and analyzed with respect to scientific achievements. Best management practices for N and P fertilizers and their significance in agricultural production and plant functioning are proposed also. In last, the management of these two agriculturally important nutrients (N and P) is concluded for sustainable productivity on small farms, and the major players involved in this regard are highlighted.

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Abbreviations

AN:

Ammonium nitrate

BMPs:

Best management practices

CAN:

Calcium ammonium nitrate

ENSET:

Efficient Nutrient Supply in East Africa

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

H2S:

Hydrogen sulfide

HHV:

High heat value

HLPE:

High-Level Panel of Experts of the Committee on Food Security

IFA:

International Fertilizer Association

IFAD:

International Fund for Agricultural Development

MOB:

Methane-oxidizing bacteria

NH4 + :

Ammonium N

NMP:

Nutrient management plan

NO3 − :

Nitrate N

NUE:

Nitrogen use efficiency

PGPRs:

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

SPAD:

Soil plant analysis development

UAN:

Urea ammonium nitrate

UNEP:

United Nations Environment Programme

UNIDO:

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

WT:

Wild type

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China

    Mehmood Ali Noor, Muhammad Mohsin Nawaz & Wei Ma

  2. Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

    Mahmood ul Hassan

  3. School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China

    Alam Sher

  4. Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China

    Tariq Shah

  5. National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

    Muhammad Mohsin Abrar & Waqas Ahmed

  6. Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

    Umair Ashraf

  7. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China

    Sajid Fiaz

  8. Department of Biology, College of Science & Arts, Sajir, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed A. Basahi

Authors
  1. Mehmood Ali Noor
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  2. Muhammad Mohsin Nawaz
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  3. Mahmood ul Hassan
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  4. Alam Sher
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  5. Tariq Shah
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  6. Muhammad Mohsin Abrar
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  7. Umair Ashraf
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  8. Sajid Fiaz
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  9. Mohammed A. Basahi
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  10. Waqas Ahmed
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  11. Wei Ma
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mehmood Ali Noor or Wei Ma .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

    Rahul Datta

  2. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  3. Department of Agrifood and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Shamina Imran Pathan

  4. DAGRI – Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Maria Teresa Ceccherini

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© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Noor, M.A. et al. (2020). Small Farmers and Sustainable N and P Management: Implications and Potential Under Changing Climate. In: Datta, R., Meena, R., Pathan, S., Ceccherini, M. (eds) Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7264-3_6

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