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Soil and Water Conservation Techniques for Sustainable Agriculture

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Sustainable Agriculture, Forest and Environmental Management

Abstract

Natural resources of the country are humiliating due to biotic and abiotic pressures. Around 146.8 Mha land was estimated under degraded land of India by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP). Among different land degradation categories, soil erosion through runoff is the major threat for degradation of soil and water resources. It results into 5.3 billion tonnes soil loss annually. Detached soil carry with runoff water and siltation occurs in water reservoirs; it results in depletion of reservoirs storage capacity by 1–2%. Intensive agricultural practices accelerate the rate of soil erosion. In this context, use of groundwater (by drilling tube wells) in high rates also depletes the groundwater level. The groundwater level of 65% open wells was depleted. Such conditions negatively impact on productivity of agriculture crops. High rate of runoff degrades soil health and ultimately decreases the food production of the country. Vegetation and mechanical measures need to be applied separately or in combination for solving such problems of natural resource (soil and water) degradation. Along with such measures, some improved techniques may need to be designed for judicious management of natural resources. Although there were many schemes/programmes/missions also running through government and non-governmental organization to combat these problems, we have to work for the policy on conservation of natural resources through sustainable agricultural practices.

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Abbreviations

C:

Carbon

CAZRI:

Central arid zone research institute

FYM:

Farm yard manure

ICAR:

Indian council of agricultural research

MPTs:

Multipurpose tree species

N:

Nitrogen

NBSS&LUP:

National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Utilisation Planning

NFT:

Nitrogen fixing trees

OM:

Organic matter

SALT:

Slopping agricultural land technology

SCT:

Staggered contour trenches

SOM:

Soil organic matter

SWC:

Soil and water conservation

WUE:

Water use efficiency

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  1. College of Agriculture, Balaghat, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

    S. Sarvade, V. B. Upadhyay & Mohammad Imran Khan

  2. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Manish Kumar

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  1. S. Sarvade
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  2. V. B. Upadhyay
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  3. Manish Kumar
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  4. Mohammad Imran Khan
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Farm Forestry, Sarguja University, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Manoj Kumar Jhariya

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Sarguja University, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Arnab Banerjee

  3. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  4. Department of Farm Forestry, Sarguja University, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Dhiraj Kumar Yadav

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Sarvade, S., Upadhyay, V.B., Kumar, M., Imran Khan, M. (2019). Soil and Water Conservation Techniques for Sustainable Agriculture. In: Jhariya, M., Banerjee, A., Meena, R., Yadav, D. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture, Forest and Environmental Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6830-1_5

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