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Liver Tumors II: Malignant Tumors of the Liver

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Diagnosis of Liver Disease

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Abstract

Primary liver tumors originate from hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and mesenchymal cells (Table 17.1). Among liver tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common; the majority of HCC develops as a result of chronic liver diseases that cause severe hepatocyte damage and regeneration. Chronic inflammation results in the formation of regenerative nodules as well as in the development of HCC through induction of many genetic/epigenetic alterations. Practitioners should attempt to differentiate HCC from benign and other malignant tumors and to treat it accordingly. Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B (HBV) or C viruses (HCV) could reduce the risk of HCC emergence related to hepatitis virus [1, 2].

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Abbreviations

AFP:

α-Fetoprotein

ARID1:

AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A

BCLC:

Barcelona clinic liver cancer

CCC:

Cholangiocellular carcinoma

CEUS:

Contract-enhanced US

CK:

Cytokeratin

CoCC:

Cholangiolocellular carcinoma

CT:

Computed tomography

CTA:

CT arteriography

CTAP:

CT arterial portography

EZH2:

Zeste homolog 2

Gd-EOB-DTPA:

Gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid

Gd-EOB-MRI:

Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI

HAIC:

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NEC:

Neuroendocrine cancer

NEN:

Neuroendocrine neoplasm

NET:

Neuroendocrine tumor

OATP:

Organic anion transporting polypeptide

PEI:

Percutaneous ethanol injection

PIVKA-II:

Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II

PS:

Performance status

PTC:

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

RFA:

Radiofrequency ablation

SOL:

Space-occupying lesion

TACE:

Transarterial chemoembolization

TET1:

Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1

US:

Ultrasonography

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Acknowledgment

We are grateful to Prof. Alex Y. Chang for constructive advice for first edition of this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Osaka, Japan

    Naoshi Nishida MD, PhD

  2. Osaka, Japan

    Ryuichi Kita MD, PhD

  3. Tottori, Japan

    Kenichi Miyoshi MD, PhD & Masahiko Koda MD, PhD

  4. Kyoto, Japan

    Masaki Iwai MD, PhD

  5. New Hampshire, USA

    Arief A. Suriawinata MD

Authors
  1. Naoshi Nishida MD, PhD
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  2. Ryuichi Kita MD, PhD
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  3. Kenichi Miyoshi MD, PhD
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  4. Masahiko Koda MD, PhD
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  5. Masaki Iwai MD, PhD
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  6. Arief A. Suriawinata MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naoshi Nishida MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Etsuko Hashimoto

  2. Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Paul Y. Kwo

  3. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA

    Arief A. Suriawinata

  4. Department of Pathology, Caritas Medical Center, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

    Wilson M.S. Tsui

  5. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Internal Medicine, Iwai Clinic, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

    Masaki Iwai

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Nishida, N., Kita, R., Miyoshi, K., Koda, M., Iwai, M., Suriawinata, A.A. (2019). Liver Tumors II: Malignant Tumors of the Liver. In: Hashimoto, E., Kwo, P., Suriawinata, A., Tsui, W., Iwai, M. (eds) Diagnosis of Liver Disease. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6806-6_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6806-6_17

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