Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. It has also acquired great interest for its unique mechanical, electrical, electronic, and optical properties. GO possesses different types of functional groups, which allows it to interact with organic and inorganic materials in covalent, non-covalent, or ionic manner. Therefore, GO behaves like a semiconductor due the presence of impurity such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups as a functional group. The present paper deals with the synthesis of ultrathin layer of GO from commercially available graphite powder. The synthesis process starts with the chemical oxidation of commercial graphite powder into GO by modified Hummer’s and Offeman method. Modified Hummer’s method is simple and easily adoptable in laboratory. The obtained GO material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Choi W, Lahiri I, Seelaboyina R, Kang YS (2010) Synthesis of graphene and its applications: a review. Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci 35(1):52–71
Choucair M, Thordarson P, Stride J (2008) Gram-scale production of graphene based on solvothermal synthesis and sonication. Nat Nanotechnol 4:30–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2008.365
Dimiev A, Alemany L, Tour J (2012) Graphene oxide. Origin of acidity, its instability in water, and a new dynamic structural model. ACS Nano 7:576–588. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn3047378
El Achaby M, Arrakhiz F, Vaudreuil S et al (2012) Piezoelectric β-polymorph formation and properties enhancement in graphene oxide—PVDF nanocomposite films. Appl Surf Sci 258:7668–7677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.04.118
Hummers W, Offeman R (1958) Preparation of graphitic oxide. J Am Chem Soc 80:1339–1339. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01539a017
Kim K, Zhao Y, Jang H et al (2009) Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes. Nature 457:706–710. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07719
Lian P, Zhu X, Liang S et al (2010) Large reversible capacity of high quality graphene sheets as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 55:3909–3914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.025
Oh Y, Yoo J, Kim Y et al (2014) Oxygen functional groups and electrochemical capacitive behavior of incompletely reduced graphene oxides as a thin-film electrode of supercapacitor. Electrochim Acta 116:118–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.04
Park S, Ruoff R (2009) Chemical methods for the production of graphenes. Nat Nanotechnol 4:217–224. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.58
Park S, Ruoff R (2018) Chemical methods for the production of graphenes. Accessed 14 Mar 2018
Singh V, Joung D, Zhai L et al (2011) Graphene based materials: past, present and future. Prog Mater Sci 56:1178–1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2011.03.003
Stankovich S, Dikin D, Dommett G et al (2006) Graphene-based composite materials. Nature 442:282–286. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature0496
Suk J, Piner R, An J, Ruoff R (2010) Mechanical properties of monolayer graphene oxide. ACS Nano 4:6557–6564. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn101781v
Szabó T, Berkesi O, Forgó P et al (2006) Evolution of surface functional groups in a series of progressively oxidized graphite oxides. Chem Mater 18:2740–2749. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm060258+
Titelman G, Gelman V, Bron S et al (2005) Characteristics and microstructure of aqueous colloidal dispersions of graphite oxide. Carbon 43:641–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.10.035
Wojtoniszak M, Chen X, Kalenczuk R et al (2012) Synthesis, dispersion, and cytocompatibility of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Colloids Surf B 89:79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.08.026
Yu H, Zhang B, Bulin C et al (2016) High-efficient synthesis of graphene oxide based on improved hummers method. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36143
Zaaba N, Foo K, Hashim U et al (2017) Synthesis of graphene oxide using modified hummers method: solvent influence. Procedia Engineering 184:469–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.118
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kumar, P., Divya, N., Ratan, J.K. (2019). Synthesis and Characterization of Chemically Derived Graphene Oxide from Graphite. In: Agnihotri, A., Reddy, K., Bansal, A. (eds) Sustainable Engineering. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 30. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6717-5_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6717-5_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-6716-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-6717-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)