Skip to main content

Mapping Climate Vulnerability with Open Data: A Dashboard for Place-Based Action

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 846 Accesses

Abstract

Our understanding of climate change has been influenced by data like few other global phenomena. The scientific data on temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, sea-level rise and global warming forms the evidence base for global climate agreements. Global scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change and the global policies’ emphasis on Open Data to meet climate goals have motivated the world to implement Open Data policies. However, the existing Open Data initiatives for climate action largely focus on continental regions and nation states rather than urban areas. A new paradigm of city-level Open Data initiatives is needed to ensure that societies can develop place-based actions to moderate climate change. This is because global climate change has drastic consequences for cities. In this chapter, we review the relevance of Open Data in urban vulnerability management and empowering cities as ‘centres of action’. We aim to unpack this relationship through the heat vulnerability index platform that we have developed using accessible public data. We use Sydney’s vulnerability to heat waves as a case study to demonstrate the index and its function as a powerful adaptation planning support tool.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

ABS:

Australian Bureau of Statistics

BoM:

Bureau of Meteorology

GHG:

Greenhouse gas emissions

GSC:

Greater Sydney Commission

IPCC:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

NSW:

New South Wales

OEH:

Office for Environment and Heritage

OLG:

Office of Local Governments

USA:

United States of America

UNFCCC:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

References

  • Adger, W. N. (2007). Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: Summary for policymakers: Working Group II contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. Geneva: WMO, IPCC Secretariat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao, J., Li, X., & Yu, C. (2015). The Construction and validation of the heat vulnerability index, a review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(7), 7220–7234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120707220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BoM. (2017). Sydney in January 2017: The warmest month on record. Retrieved from http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/month/nsw/archive/201701.sydney.shtml#notes

  • Boulton, G., Rawlins, M., Vallance, P., & Walport, M. (2011). Science as a public enterprise: The case for open data. The Lancet, 377(9778), 1633–1635. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60647-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castán Broto, V., & Bulkeley, H. (2013). A survey of urban climate change experiments in 100 cities. Global Environmental Change, 23(1), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.07.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • City of Sydney. (2016a). Adapting for climate change: A long term strategy for the City of Sydney (p. 72).

    Google Scholar 

  • City of Sydney. (2016b). Resilient Sydney—Preliminary Resilience Assessment 2016 (p. 26): 100 Resilient Cities.

    Google Scholar 

  • Climate Council. (2017). 2017: Another record-breaking year for heat and extreme weather. Retrieved from Australia: https://www.climatecouncil.org.au/resources/2017-heat-report/

  • Comfort, L. (2006). Cities at risk: Hurricane Katrina and the drowning of New Orleans. Urban Affairs Review, 41, 501–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cred. (2018). EM-DAT | The international disasters database. The international disasters database.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., & Webb, J. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 18, 598–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, A., & Green, D. (2018). Climate change, air pollution and human health in Sydney, Australia: A review of the literature. Environmental Research Letters, 13(053003), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geertman, S. (2006). Potentials for planning support: A planning-conceptual approach. Environment and planning B: Planning and Design, 33(6), 863–880.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geertman, S., & Stillwell, J. (2004). Planning support systems: An inventory of current practice. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 28(4), 291–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gober, P. (2010). Desert urbanization and the challenges of water sustainability. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2(3), 144–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, B., Dyson, L., & Nemani, A. (2013). Beyond transparency: Open Data and the future of civic innovation. San Francisco, CA: Code for America Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Zapata, F., & Heeks, R. (2015). The multiple meanings of open government data: Understanding different stakeholders and their perspectives. Government Information Quarterly, 32(4), 441–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.09.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC. (2015). Climate change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC.

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC. (2018). Cities IPCC—Cities and climate change science conference [WWW Document]. Retrieved June 14, 2019, from https://citiesipcc.org/.

  • Janssen, M., Charalabidis, Y., & Zuiderwijk, A. (2012). Benefits, adoption barriers and myths of Open Data and open government. Information Systems Management, 29(4), 258–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2012.716740

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, B., & Bradley, J. (2013). The metropolitan revolution how cities and metros are fixing our broken politics and fragile economy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leichenko, R. M., & Thomas, A. (2012). Coastal cities and regions in a changing climate: Economic impacts, risks and vulnerabilities. Geography Compass, 6(6), 327–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, S. C., King, A. D., & Mitchell, D. M. (2017). Australia’s unprecedented future temperature extremes under Paris limits to warming. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(19), 9947–9956.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nitschke, M., & Tucker, G. (2007). Morbidity and mortality during heatwaves in metropolitan Adelaide. Medical Journal of Australia, 187, 662–665.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NSW Government. (2018). State Heatwave Subplan—A Subplan of the NSW State Emergency Management Plan. Retrieved from Surry Hills, Sydney https://www.emergency.nsw.gov.au/Documents/plans/sub-plans/SubPlan_HeatWave.pdf

  • Opengovdata. (2018). The annotated 8 Principles of Open Government Data. Retrieved from https://opengovdata.org/

  • Pettit, C., Bakelmun, A., Lieske, S. N., Glackin, S., Hargroves, K., Thomson, G., … Newman, P. (2018). Planning support systems for smart cities. City, Culture and Society, 12, 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2017.10.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pidgeon, N., & Fischhoff, B. (2011). The role of social and decision sciences in communicating uncertain climate risks. Nature Climate Change, 1(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W., Hammer, S. A., & Mehrotra, S. (2010). Cities lead the way in climate-change action. Nature, 467(7318), 909–911. http://dx.doi.org.wwwproxy1.library.unsw.edu.au/10.1038/467909a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santamouris, M., Haddad, S., Fiorito, F., Osmond, P., Ding, L., Prasad, D., … Wang, R. (2017). Urban heat island and overheating characteristics in Sydney, Australia. An analysis of multiyear measurements. Sustainability, 9(5), 712.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Satterthwaite, D. (2008). Cities’ contribution to global warming: Notes on the allocation of greenhouse gas emissions. Environment and Urbanization, 20(2), 539–549. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247808096127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tapia, C., Feliu, E., Mendizabal, M., Antonio, J., Fernández, J. G., Laburu, T., & Lejarazu, A. (2017). Profiling urban vulnerabilities to climate change: An indicator-based vulnerability assessment for European cities. Ecological Indicators, 78, 142–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.02.040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiepolo, M., & Bacci, M. (2017). Tracking climate change vulnerability at municipal level in rural Haiti using open data. In Renewing local planning to face climate change in the tropics (pp. 103–131). Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNFCCC. (2015). Climate change 2014. Synthesis report: Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vetrò, A., Canova, L., Torchiano, M., Minotas, C. O., Iemma, R., & Morando, F. (2016). Open data quality measurement framework: Definition and application to Open Government Data. Government Information Quarterly, 33(2), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weis, S. W. M., Agostini, V. N., Roth, L. M., Gilmer, B., Schill, S. R., Knowles, J. E., & Blyther, R. (2016). Assessing vulnerability: An integrated approach for mapping adaptive capacity, sensitivity, and exposure. Climatic Change, 136(3–4), 615–629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1642-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank Group. (2015). The World Bank annual report. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yenneti, K., Tripathi, S., Wei, Y. D., Chen, W., & Joshi, G. (2016). The truly disadvantaged? Assessing social vulnerability to climate change in urban India. Habitat International, 56, 124–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.05.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Joint European Master in Environmental Studies—Cities & Sustainability (JEMES CiSu) programme and the Smart Cities Cluster at the University of New South Wales who supported Carole Bodilis for a mobility internship during the second year of her Master’s degree. The authors would also like to acknowledge the comments from the three anonymous reviewers, which helped to significantly improve the chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Scott Hawken .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Additional information

Note regarding data references: The editors encourage all authors to deposit their data sets in a data repository or data store—and cite and link to the dataset in your chapter. If your dataset is not currently published, the editors are offering the option to add the dataset(s) to CityData: https://citydata.be.unsw.edu.au . This may assist you if you’d like to publish your data with a digital object identifier—to give it bibliographic identity. You will be referenced when this dataset is used. If you’d like to have your data hosted here, please contact the editors to submit a proposal.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hawken, S., Yenneti, K., Bodilis, C. (2020). Mapping Climate Vulnerability with Open Data: A Dashboard for Place-Based Action. In: Hawken, S., Han, H., Pettit, C. (eds) Open Cities | Open Data. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6605-5_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6605-5_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-6604-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-6605-5

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics