Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Environmental Concerns and Sustainable Development pp 307–324Cite as

Soil Pollution by Fluoride in India: Distribution, Chemistry and Analytical Methods

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Fluoride is an essential element required for normal development and growth of the body at trace level but is highly toxic at concentration above 1.5 μg ml−1. Pollution of soil by fluoride in India is an old problem but least given the attention. In India, the problem of F− contamination was first reported in groundwater from Andhra Pradesh in 1937. Since then, the cases of fluoride contamination of soil and water are increasing day by day. Presently, in India, 19 states are highly affected from the pollution of fluoride in groundwater and soil. Major source of fluoride in India is mainly from the fluoride-containing rocks, use of phosphate fertilizers, and emission of smelters.

To estimate the fluoride in the samples, numbers of methods are available. Some of the methods are electrochemical method, like potentiometry, voltametry and polarography, chromatography, micro-fluid analysis, capillary zone electrophoresis, sensors, spectroscopy and titrimetry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

CDTA:

Diaminocyclohexanetetraacetic acid

DTPA:

Diethylenetriaminepentacetate

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

TTHA:

Triethylenetetranitrilohexaacetic acid

References

  • Abramović B, Gaál FF, Cvetković SD (1992) Titrimetric determination of fluoride in some pharmaceutical products used for fluoridation. Talanta 39:511–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(92)80173-B

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asav E, Yorganci E, Akyilmaz E (2009) An inhibition type amperometric biosensor based on tyrosinase enzyme for fluoride determination. Talanta 78(2):553–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrow NJ, Ellis AS (1986) Testing a mechanistic model. III. The effects of pH on fluoride retention by a soil. J Soil Sci 37:287–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baunthiyal M, Sharma V (2012) Phytoremediation of fluoride contaminated water and soil: a search for fluoride hyperaccumulators. J Agric Tech 8(6):1965–1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beneberu S, Zewge F, Chandravanshi BS (2006) Removal of excess fluoride from water by aluminium hydroxide. Bull Chem Soc Ethiop 20(1):17–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhat N, Jain S, Asawa K, Tak M, Shinde K, Singh A, Gandhi N, Gupta VV (2015) Assessment of fluoride concentration of soil and vegetables in vicinity of zinc smelter, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan. J Clin Diagn Res 9(10):ZC63–ZC66

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya P, Samal AC (2018) Fluoride contamination in groundwater, soil and cultivated foodstuffs of India and its associated health risks: a review. Res J Recent Sci 7(4):36–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishnoi M, Malik R (2009) Ground water quality in environmentally degraded localities of Panipat city. India J Environ Biol 29:881–886

    Google Scholar 

  • Bombik E, Bombik A, Gorski K, Saba L, Bombik T, Rymuza K (2011) The effect of environmental contamination by fluoride compounds on selected horse tissues. Pol J Environ Stud 20(1):37–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borjigin S, Ashimura Y, Yoshioka T, Mizoguchi T (2009) Determination of fluoride using ion-selective electrodes in the presence of aluminum. Anal Sci 25(12):1437–1443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braen SN, Weinstein LH (1985) Uptake of fluoride and aluminium by plants grown in contaminated soil. Water Air Soil Pollut 24:215–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brindha K, Elango L (2011) Fluoride in groundwater: causes, implications and mitigation measures. In: Monroy SD (ed) Fluoride properties, applications and environmental management. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp 111–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron R, Ritchie GS, Robson AD (1986) The relative toxicities of inorganic aluminium complexes to barley. Soil Sci Soc Am J 50:1231–1236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Care DA (1995) The effect of aluminium concentration on root hairs in white clover (Trifolium repens). Plant Soil 171:159–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CEPA, Canadian Environmental Protection Act Report (1996) National Ambient Air Quality Objectives for Hydrogen Fluoride (HF). 1. Science Assessment Document for HF. Federal-Provincial Working Group on Air Quality Objectives and Guidelines. En42-17/6- 1997E. Ottawa, Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • CGWB (2013) Groundwater Brochure, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh (AAP-2012-13). Central Ground Water Board. Southern Region, Hyderabad

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadha DK, Tamta SR (1999) Occurrence and origin of groundwater fluoride in phreatic zone of Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh. J Appl Geochem 1:21–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarti S, Bhattacharya HN (2013) Inferring the hydro-geochemistry of fluoride contamination in Bankura district, West Bengal: a case study. J Geol Soc India 82(4):379–391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborti D, Chanda CR, Samanta G, Chowdhury UK, Mukherjel SC, Pal AB, Sharma B, Mahanta KJ, Ahmed HA, Sing B (2000) Fluorosis in Assam, India. Curr Sci 78:1421–1423

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee MK, Mohabey NK (1998) Potential fluorosis problems around Chandidongri, Madhya Pradesh. India Environ Geochem Health 20(1):1–4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chinoy NJ, Narayana MV, Sequeira E, Joshi SM, Barot JM, Purohit RM, Parikh DJ, Ghodasara NB (1992) Studies on effects of fluoride in 36 villages of Mehsana district, North Gujarat. Fluoride 25(3):101–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Choubisa SL (1997) Fluoride distribution and fluorosis in some villages of Banswara district of Rajasthan. Indian J Environ Health 39(4):281–288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choubisa SL (2010) Osteodental fluorosis in domestic horses and donkeys in Rajasthan, India. Res Rep Fluoride 43(1):5–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Das B, Talukdar J, Sarma S, Gohain B, Dutta RK, Das HB, Das SC (2003) Fluoride and other inorganic constituents in groundwater of Guwahati, Assam, India. Curr Sci 85(5):657–661

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davison A (1983) Uptake, transport and accumulation of soil and airborne fluorides by vegetation. In: Shupe J, Peterson H, Leone N (eds) Fluorides: effects on vegetation, animals and humans. Paragon Press, Salt Lake City, pp 61–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Deshmukh AN, Wadaskar PM, Malpe DB (1995) Fluoride in environment: a review. Gondwana Geol Mag 9:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Devi SB, Kamble RK (2006) Groundwater fluoride in east Imphal district of Manipur. Indian J Environ Prot 26(10):885–891

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Domingos M, Klumpp A, Rinaldi MCS, Modesto IF, Klumpp G, Delitti WBC (2003) Combined effects of air and soil pollution by fluoride emissions on Tibouchina pulchra Cogn., at Cubatão, SE Brazil, and their relations with aluminium. Plant Soil 249:297–308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta J (2013) Fluoride, arsenic and other heavy metals contamination of drinking water in the tea garden belt of Sonitpur district, Assam, India. Int J ChemTech Res 5(5):2614–2622

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell JR, Iles P, Sands TJ (1999) Simultaneous determination of fluoride and phenolics in water using flow injection analysis. Lab Robot Autom 11(2):105–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fornasiero RB (2001) Phytotoxic effects of fluorides. Plant Sci 161:979–985. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00499-X

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frant MS, Ross JW (1966) Electrode for sensing fluoride ion activity in solution. Science 154(3756):1553–1555

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrido M, Lista AG, Palomeque M, Fernandez Band BS (2002) Fluorimetric determination of fluoride in a flow assembly integrated on-line to an open/closed FIA system to remove interference by solid phase extraction. Talanta 58(5):849–853

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghorai S, Pant KK (2005) Equilibrium, kinetics and breakthrough studies for adsorption of fluoride on activated alumina. Sep Purif Technol 42:265–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilpin L, Johnson AH (1980) Fluorine in agriculture in soils of southeastern Pennsylvania. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44:255–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grauer UE (1993) Modeling anion amelioration of aluminium phytotoxicity. Plant Soil 57:319–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunnlaugsson T, Glynn M, Tocci GM, Kruger PE, Pfeffer FM (2006) Anion recognition and sensing in organic and aqueous media using luminescent and colorimetric sensors. Coord Chem Rev 250(23–24):3094–3117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2006.08.017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta R, Mishra AK (2014) Groundwater fluoride in Haryana state: a review on the status and its mitigation. Study Civ Eng Archit (SCEA) 3:24–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta MK, Singh V, Rajwanshi P, Agarwal M, Rai K, Srivastava S, Shrivastav R, Dass S (1999) Groundwater quality assessment of Tehsil Kheragarh Agra (India) with special reference to fluoride. Environ Monit Assess 59(3):272–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haldimann M, Zimmerli B (1993) Evaluation of ashing procedures for the gas chromatographic determination of flouride in biological material. Anal Chim Acta 282(3):589–601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Handa BK (1975) Geochemistry and genesis of fluoride containing groundwater in India. Ground Water 13:275–281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hani H (1978) Interactions by fluoride with a mineral soil containing illite and alterations of maize plants grown in this soil. Fluoride 11:18–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiremath PG, Theodore T (2017) Modeling of fluoride sorption from aqueous solution using green algae impregnated with zirconium by response surface methodology. Adsorpt Sci Technol 35(1–2):194–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hull WE, Port RE, Herrmann R, Britsch B, Kunz W (1988) Metabolites of 5-fluorouracil in plasma and urine, as monitored by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, for patients receiving chemotherapy with or without methotrexate pretreatment. Cancer Res 48(6):1680–1688

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurd-Karrer AM (1950) Comparative fluorine uptake by plants in limed and unlimed soil. Soil Sci 70:153–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacks G, Bhattacharya P, Chaudhary V, Singh KP (2005) Controls on the genesis of some high fluoride ground waters in India. Appl Geochem 20:221–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain CK, Bandyopadhyay A, Bhadra A (2010) Assessment of ground water quality for drinking purpose, District Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Environ Monit Assess 166:664–671

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones P (1992) Development of a high-sensitivity ion chromatography method for the determination of trace fluoride in water utilizing the formation of the AlF2+ species. Anal Chim Acta 258(1):123–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H (1992). Trace elements in soils and plants. 2nd edition, CRC Press, London.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Khairnar MR, Dodamani AS, Jadhav HC, Naik RG, Deshmukh MA (2015) Mitigation of fluorosis – a review. J Clin Diagn Res 9(6):ZE05–ZE09. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/13261.6085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koritnig S (1951) Ein Beitrag zur Geochemie des Fluor. Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta 1:89–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotecha PV, Patel SV, Bhalani KD, Shah D, Shah VS, Mehta KG (2012) Prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries in association with high levels of drinking water fluoride content in a district of Gujarat, India. Indian J Med Res 135(6):873–877

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar B, Naaz A, Shukla K, Narayan C, Singh G, Kumar A (2016) Spatial variability of fluorine in agricultural soils around Sidhi district, Central India. J Geol Soc India 87(2):227–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kundu N, Panigrahi MK, Tripathy S, Munshi S, Powell MA, Hart BR (2001) Geochemical appraisal fluoride contamination of groundwater in Nayagarh district of Orissa, India. Environ Geol 41:451–460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Latha SS, Anbika SR, Prasad SJ (1999) Fluoride contamination status of groundwater in Karnataka. Curr Sci 76:730–734

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li SFY (1992) Capillary electrophoresis: principles, practice, and applications. Elsevier Science, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Li N, Shang X (1986) Studies on the polarographic adsorptive complex wave of lanthanum-alizarin complexone-fluoride system. Fenxi Shiyanshi 5(8):I2–I4

    Google Scholar 

  • Loganathan P, Hedley MJ, Wallace GC, Roberts AH (2001) Fluoride accumulation in pasture forages and soils following long-term applications of phosphorus fertilisers. Environ Pollut 115:275–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mao Y, Chen Y, Chu L, Zhang X (2013) Electrodeposited apatite coating for solid-phase microextraction and sensitive indirect voltammetric determination of fluoride ions. Talanta 115:500–505

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meenakshi, Garg V, Kavita K, Renuka Malik A (2004) Groundwater quality in some villages of Haryana, India: focus on fluoride and fluorosis. J Hazard Mater 106(1):55–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merugu R, Domala R, Kudle KR, Rudra MPP (2012) Factors influencing the removal of fluoride from water using a fungal biosorbent prepared from Fusarium moniliforme. Int J ChemTech Res 4(3):1094–1098

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michigami Y, Kuroda Y, Ueda K, Yamamoto Y (1993) Determination of urinary fluoride by ion chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 274(2):299–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra PC, Meher K, Bhosagar D, Pradhan K (2009) Fluoride distribution in different environmental segments at Hirakud Orissa (India). Afr J Environ Sci Technol 3(9):260–264

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Misra AK, Mishra A, Premraj R (2006) Escalation of groundwater fluoride in the Ganga alluvial plain of India. Res Rep Fluoride 39(1):35–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montes Bayon M, Rodrıguez Garcia A, Garcıa Alonso JI, Sanz-Medel A (1999) Indirect determination of trace amounts of fluoride in natural waters by ion chromatography: a comparison of on-line post-column fluorimetry and ICP-MS detectors. Analyst 124(1):27–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S, Yadav V, Mondal M, Banerjee S, Halder G (2017) Characterization of a fluoride-resistant bacterium Acinetobacter sp. RH5 towards assessment of its water defluoridation capability. Appl Water Sci 7:1923–1930

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muralidharan D, Nair A, Satyanarayana U (2002) Fluoride in shallow aquifers in Rajgarh Teshil of Churu district, Rajashtan – an arid environment. Curr Sci 83(6):699–702

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray JJ (ed) (1983) Appropriate use of fluorides for human health. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Musijowski J, Szostek B, Koc M, Trojanowicz M (2010) Determination of fluoride as fluorosilane derivative using reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection for determination of total organic fluorine. J Sep Sci 33(17–18):2636–2644

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naik RR, Dodamani AS, Vishwakarma P, Jadhav HC, Khairnar MR, Deshmukh MA, Wadgave U (2017) Level of fluoride in soil, grain and water in Jalgaon district, Maharashtra, India. J Clin Diagn Res 11(2):ZC05–ZC07

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nawlakhe WG, Lutade SL, Patni PM, Deshpande IS (1995) Groundwater quality in Shivpuri district in Madhya Pradesh. Indian J Environ Health 37(4):278–284

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Omueti JAI, Jones RL (1977) Fluoride adsorption by Illinois soils. J Soil Sci 28:564–572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey DD, Tripathi A, Singh TP (2016) Removal of fluoride from industrial waste water using Mosambi peel as biosorbent: kinetics studies. Int J Sci Eng Tech 4(1):2348–4098

    Google Scholar 

  • Parham H, Rahbar N (2009) Solid phase extraction–spectrophotometric determination of fluoride in water samples using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Talanta 80(2):664–669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel KS, Sahu BL, Dahariya NS, Bhatia A, Patel RK, Matini L, Sracek O, Bhattacharya P (2015) Groundwater arsenic and fluoride in rajnandgaon district, Chhatisgarh, Northeastern India. Appl Water Sci 7(4):1817–1826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0355-2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pickering WF (1985) The mobility of soluble fluoride in soils. Environ Pollut Ser B 9:281–308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polomski J, Fluhler H, Blaser P (1982) Fluoride-induced mobilization and leaching of organic matter, iron and aluminium. J Environ Qual 11:457–456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polonskij VI, Polonskaya DE (2013) Fluoride contamination of soil and phytoremediation (review). Agricultural Biol 1:3–14. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2013.1.3eng

  • Prodi L, Bolletta F, Montalti M (2000) Luminescence signaled enantiomeric recognition of choral ammonium ions by enantiomerically pure dimethylacridino-18 crown-6ligand. New J Chem 24:781–785

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quintana MC, Blanco MH, Hernandez L (2003) Highly sensitive methods for determination of fluoride in biological samples. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 26(5):763–772. https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-120018420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao NS (2003) Groundwater quality: focus on fluoride concentration in rural parts of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Hydrological Sci J 48(5):835–847 https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.48.5.835.51449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao NS, Devdas DJ (2003) Fluoride incidence in groundwater in an area of Peninsular India. Environ Geol 45(2):243–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0873-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ray SK, Ghosh S, Tiwari IC, Kaur P, Reddy DCS, Nagchaudhuri J (1983) Dental fluorosis in Ledhupur and Rustampur villages near Varanasi. Indian J Med Res 77:112–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ray D, Rao RR, Bhio AV, Biswas AK, Ganguly AK, Sanyal PI (2000) Physico-chemical quality of drinking water in Rohtas district of Bihar. Environ Monit Assess 61(3):387–398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romar A, Gago C, Fernandez-Marcos LM, Alvarez E (2009) Influence of fluoride addition on the composition of solutions in equilibrium with acid soils. Pedosphere 19(1):60–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sahli MAM, Tahaikt M, Achary I, Taky M, Elhanouni F, Hafsi M, Elmghari M, Elmidaoui A (2006) Technical optimization of nitrate removal for groundwater by electrodialysis (ED) using a pilot plant. Desalination 189:200–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sarvanan S, Kalyani C, Vijayarani M, Jayakodi P, Felix A, Nagarajan S, Arunmozhi P, Krishnan P (2008) Prevalence of dental fluorosis among primary school children in rural areas of Chidambaram Taluk Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu, India. Indian J Community Med 33(3):146e150. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.42047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seth R, Mohan M, Singh P, Singh R, Dobhal R, Singh KP, Gupta S (2016) Water quality evaluation of Himalayan rivers of Kumaun region, Uttarakhand, India. Appl Water Sci 6(2):137–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah AF, Ishrat A, Batra M, Gupta V (2014) Fluoride in the water of Kashmir valley: a BI bevelled concern. Int J Sci Nat 5 (3): 443–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaji E, Bindu VJ, Thambi DS (2007) High fluoride in groundwater of Palghat district, Kerala. Curr Sci 92(2):240–245. Available at: www.jstor.org/stable/24096696

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma SK (2003) High fluoride in groundwater cripples life in parts of India. 7C Groundwater. In: Proceedings of the diffuse pollution conference, Dublin, pp 51–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Shashi A, Bhardwaj M (2011) Prevalence of dental fluorosis in endemic fluoride areas of Punjab, India. Biosci Biotechnol Res Commun 4(2):155–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh BR (1990) Cadmium and fluoride uptake by oats and rape from phosphate fertilizers in two different soils. Nor J Agric Sci 4:239–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh M, Verma KK (2013) Influence of fluoride-contaminated irrigation water on physiological responses of poplar seedlings (Populus deltoides l. Clone-s7c15). Res Rep Fluoride 46(2):83–89

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RK, Singha MM, Singh RK (2009) Fluoride contamination in water of Koshi region (Bihar). Int J Chem Sci 7(2):919–922

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh G, Kumari B, Sinam G, Kriti, Kumar N, Mallick S (2018) Fluoride distribution and contamination in the water, soil and plants continuum and its remedial technologies, an Indian perspective – a review. Environ Pollut 239:95–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sreedevi PD, Ahmed S, Made B, Ledoux Gandolfi JM (2006) Association of hydro-geological factors in temporal variations of fluoride concentration in a crystalline aquifer in India. Environ Geol 50(1):1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srikanth R, Chandra TR, Kumar BR (2008) Endemic fluorosis in five villages of the Palamau district, Jharkhand, India. Fluoride 41(3):206–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Street JJ, Elwali AMO (1983) Fluorite solubility in limed acid sandy soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 47(3):483–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sujatha D (2003) Fluoride levels in the groundwater of the south-eastern part of Ranga Reddy district, Andhar Pradesh. India Environ Geol 44:587–591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundaram CS, Meenakshi S (2009) Fluoride sorption using organic-inorganic hydbrid type ion exchangers. J Colloid Interface Sci 333(1):58–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.01.022

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Susheela AK, Bhatnagar M, Kumar A (1996) Status of drinking water in the mega city Delhi. In: Proceedings of the 22nd WEDC (Water, environment and management conference), New Delhi, pp 299–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Teotia SPS, Teotia M (1994) Dental caries: a disorder of high fluoride and low dietary calcium interactions. Fluoride 27(2):59–66

    Google Scholar 

  • US NAS (1971) Fluorides, biological effects of atmospheric pollutants. US National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Veeraputhiran V, Alagumuthu G (2011) Treatment of high fluoride drinking water using bioadsorbent. Res J Chem Sci 1(4):49–54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vithanage M, Bhattacharya P (2015) Fluoride in drinking water: health effects and remediation. In: Lichtfouse E, Schwarzbauer J, Robert D (eds) CO2 sequestration, biofuels and depollution, Environmental chemistry for a sustainable world. Springer, Cham, pp 105–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11906-94

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wada H, Mori H, Nakagawa G (1985) Spectrophotometric determination of fluoride with lanthanum/alizarincomplexone by flow injection analysis. Analytzca Chimica Acta, 172 (1985) 297–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waghmare SS, Arfin T (2015) Fluoride removal from water by various techniques: review. Int J Innovat Sci Eng Technol 2(9):560–571

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang P, Li SFY, Lee HK (1997) Simultaneous determination of monofluorophosphate and fluoride in toothpaste by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 765:353–359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinreich W, Acker J, Graber I (2007) Determination of total fluoride in HF/HNO3/H2SiF6 etch solutions by new potentiometric titration methods. Talanta 71(5):1901–1905

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein LH, Alscher-Herman R (1982) Physiological responses of plants to fluorine. In: Unsworth MH, Ormrod DP (eds) Effects of gaseous air pollution in agriculture and horticulture. Butterworth, London, pp 139–167

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wodeyar BK, Sreenivasan G (1996) Occurrence of fluoride in the groundwaters and its impact in Peddavankahalla basin, Bellary district, Karnataka, a preliminary study. Curr Sci 70:71–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yahyavi H, Kaykhaii M, Mirmoghaddam M (2016) Recent developments in methods of analysis for fluoride determination. J Clin Diagn Res 46(2):106–121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yasmin S, Ranjan S, D’Souza D (2014) Haematological changes in fluorotic adults and children in fluoride endemic regions of Gaya district, Bihar, India. Environ Geol Health 36(3):421–425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Ecology and Climate Change Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Gayatri Singh, Geetgovind Sinam,  Kriti & Babita Kumari

  2. Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi, India

    Maneesha Pandey

  3. School of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mahiya Kulsoom

Authors
  1. Gayatri Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Geetgovind Sinam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kriti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Maneesha Pandey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Babita Kumari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mahiya Kulsoom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vertika Shukla

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Narendra Kumar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Singh, G., Sinam, G., Kriti, Pandey, M., Kumari, B., Kulsoom, M. (2020). Soil Pollution by Fluoride in India: Distribution, Chemistry and Analytical Methods. In: Shukla, V., Kumar, N. (eds) Environmental Concerns and Sustainable Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6358-0_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation