Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Raised Intracranial Pressure

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Emergencies in Neurology

  • 736 Accesses

Abstract

Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the foremost critical-care emergencies that a neurological health specialist can be called upon to recognize and treat.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sanchez GM, Burridge AL. Decision making in head injury management in the Edwin Smith papyrus. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23:E5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Chang A, Lad EM, Lad SP. Hippocrates’ influence on the origins of neurosurgery. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23:E9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Marketos SG, Skiadas PK. The modern hippocratic tradition. Some messages for contemporary medicine. Spine. 1999;24:1159–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Monro A. Observations on the structure and functions of the nervous system. Edinburgh: Creech and Johnson; 1783.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kellie G. An account of the appearances observed in the dissection of two of three individuals presumed to have perished in the storm of the 3rd, and whose bodies were discovered in the vicinity of Leith on the morning of the 4th November 1821; with some reflections on the pathology of the brain. Trans Med Chir Soc Edinb. 1824;1:84–169.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Quinke H. Lumbar puncture. In: Church A, editor. Modern clinical medicine, diseases of the nervous system. New York: Appleton; 1911. p. 223–57.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Guillaume J, Janny P. Manometricintracranienne continue interet de la method et premiers resultants. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1951;84:131–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lundberg N. Continuous recording and control of ventricular fluid pressure in neurosurgical practice. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1960;36:1–193.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Marmarou A, Beaumont A. Physiology of the cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial pressure. In: Winn HR, editor. Youman’s neurological surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc; 2004. p. 3257–88.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Rosomoff HL. Methods for simultaneous quantitative estimation of intracranial contents. J Appl Physiol. 1953;16:395–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Tanna NK, Kohn MI, Horwich DN. Analysis of brain and cerebrospinal fluid volumes with MR imaging. Impact on PET data correction for atrophy. Part II. Aging and Alzheimer dementia. Radiology. 1991;178:123–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Rangel-Castilla L, Gopinath S, Robertson CS. Management of intracranial hypertension. Neurol Clin. 2008;26:521–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rosner MJ, Rosner SD, Johnson AH. Cerebral perfusion pressure: management protocol and clinical results. J Neurosurg. 1995;83:949–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/CNS. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. VIII. Intracranial pressure thresholds. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(Suppl 1):S55–8.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/CNS. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. IX. Cerebral perfusion thresholds. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(Suppl 1):S59–64.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/CNS. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. VII. Intracranial pressure monitoring technology. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(Suppl 1):S45–54.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Leggate JRS, Piper IR, Robertson I. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the Camino intracranial pressure monitoring system. In: Hoff JT, Betz AL, editors. Intracranial pressure VI. Berlin: Springer; 1989. p. 31–4.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Barlow P, Mendelow AD, Lawerence AE, et al. Clinical evaluation of two methods of subdural pressure monitoring. J Neurosurg. 1985;63:578–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/CNS. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. VI. Indications for intracranial pressure monitoring. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(Suppl 1):S37–44.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jha AN, Sharma MSICU. Instrumentation. In: Ramamurthi B, Tandon PN, Ramamurthi R, Sridhar K, Vasudevan MC, editors. Textbook of operative neurosurgery. New Delhi: BI Publications; 2005. p. 133–45.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lang EW, Chesnut RM. Intracranial pressure. Monitoring and management. Neurosurg Clin North Am. 1994;5:573–605.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Mayhall CG, Archer NH, Lamb VA, et al. Ventriculostomy-related infections: a prospective epidemiologic study. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:553–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Zabramski JM, Whiting D, Darouiche RO, et al. Efficacy of antimicrobial-impregnated external ventricular drain catheters: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Neurosurg. 2003;98:725–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Shafi S, Diaz-Arrastia R, Madden C, et al. Intracranial pressure monitoring in brain-injured patients is associated with worsening of survival. J Trauma. 2008;64:335–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kohli-Seth R, Oropello JM. The future of bedside monitoring. Crit Care Clin. 2000;16:557–78.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Arbit E, Diresta GR. Application of laser Doppler flowmetry in neurosurgery. Neurosurg Clin North Am. 1996;7:741–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. al-Rawi PG, Smielewski P, Kirkpatrick PJ. Evaluation of a near-infrared spectrometer (NIRO 300) for the detection of intracranial oxygenation changes in the adult head. Stroke. 2001;32:2492–500.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. al-Rawi PG, Hutchinson PJ, Gupta AK, et al. Multi-parameter brain tissue monitoring-correlation between parameters and identification of cerebral perfusion pressure threshold. Zentralbl Neurochir. 2000;61:74–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Mayevsky A, Ornstein E, Meilin S, et al. The evaluation of brain cerebral blood flow and mitochondrial function by a fiber optic tissue spectroscope in neurosurgical patients. Acta Neurochir. 2002;81:367–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Feldman Z, Kanter MJ, Robertson CS, et al. Effect of head elevation on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebral blood flow in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg. 1992;76:207–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. Hyperventilation. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:S87–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Ghajar J. Traumatic brain injury. Lancet. 2000;356:923–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Oliveira-Abreu M, de Almeida ML. Management of mechanical ventilation in brain injury: hyperventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2009;21:72–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. http://www.lhsc.on.ca/Health_Professionals/CCTC/protocols/analgesia.pdf. Accessed 6 June 2009.

  35. McCollam JS, O’Neil MG, Norcross ED, et al. Continuous infusions of lorazepam, midazolam, and propofol for sedation of the critically ill surgery trauma patient: a prospective, randomized comparison. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:2454–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Bauer C, Kreuer S, Ketter R, et al. [Remifentanil-propofol versus fentanyl-midazolam combinations for intracranial surgery: influence of anaesthesia technique and intensive sedation on ventilation times and duration of stay in the ICU] [Article in German]. Anaesthesist. 2007;56:128–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Schierhout G, Roberts I. Anti-epileptic drugs for preventing seizures following acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;4:CD000173.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/CNS. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. XIII. Antiseizure prophylaxis. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(Suppl 1):S83–6.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Clasen RA, Pandolfi S, Laing I, et al. Experimental study of relation of fever to cerebral edema. J Neurosurg. 1974;41:576–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Miller JD, Piper IR, Jones PA. Integrated multimodality monitoring in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Neurosurg Clin North Am. 1994;5:661–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons; Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/CNS. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. III. Prophylactic hypothermia. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(Suppl 1):S21–5.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Perel P, Roberts I. Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;4:CD000567.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ellender TJ, Skinner JC. The use of vasopressors and inotropes in the emergency medical treatment of shock. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2008;26:759–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Brassard P, Seifert T, Secher NH. Is cerebral oxygenation negatively affected by infusion of norepinephrine in healthy subjects? Br J Anaesth. 2009;102:800–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Sambandan K, Vijayan A. Fluid management and perturbations in volume status. In: Cooper DH, Krainik AJ, Lubner SJ, et al., editors. The Washington manual of medical therapeutics. 32nd ed. Delhi: Walters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 54–101.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Prakash A, Matta BF. Hyperglycaemia and neurological injury. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008;21:565–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Quinn TJ, Lees KR. Hyperglycaemia in acute stroke—to treat or not to treat. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;27:148–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Hébert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion requirements in critical care investigators, Canadian critical care trials group. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:409–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Timmons SD. The life-saving properties of blood: mitigating cerebral insult after traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care. 2006;5:1–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Talving P, Benfield R, Hadjizacharia P, et al. Coagulopathy in severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective study. J Trauma. 2009;66:55–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Collen JF, Jackson JL, Shorr AF, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery: a metaanalysis. Chest. 2008;134:237–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Chibbaro S, Tacconi L. Safety of deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin in brain surgery. Prospective study on 746 patients. Surg Neurol. 2008;70:117–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Sharma MS, Vohra A, Thomas P, et al. Effect of risk-stratified, protocol-based perioperative chemoprophylaxis on nosocomial infection rates in a series of 31 927 consecutive neurosurgical procedures (1994–2006). Neurosurgery. 2009;64:1123–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Pfister R, Bussmann L, Reinhart WH. Fatal intracerebral hemorrhage after reducing the valve pressure of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009;151:409–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Ruiz-Sandoval JL, Campos A, Romero-Vargas S, et al. Multiple simultaneous intracerebral hemorrhages following accidental massive lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage: case report and literature review. Neurol India. 2006;54:421–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Muizelaar JP, Lutz HA, Becker DP. Effect of mannitol on ICP and CBF and correlation with pressure autoregulation in severely head-injured patients. J Neurosurg. 1984;61:700–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K. Improving clinical outcomes from acute subdural hematomas with the emergency preoperative administration of high doses of mannitol: a randomized trial. Neurosurgery. 2001;49:864–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Knapp JM. Hyperosmolar therapy in the treatment of severe head injury in children: mannitol and hypertonic saline. AACN Clin Issues. 2005;16:199–211.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K, et al. Successful use of the new high-dose mannitol treatment in patients with Glasgow coma scale scores of 3 and bilateral abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial. J Neurosurg. 2004;100:376–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Wakai A, Roberts I, Schierhout G. Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;1:CD001049.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Bereczki D, Fekete I, Prado GF, et al. Mannitol for acute stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;3:CD001153.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons; Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/CNS. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. II. Hyperosmolar therapy. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(Suppl 1):S14–20.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Vialet R, Albanèse J, Thomachot L, et al. Isovolume hypertonic solutes (sodium chloride or mannitol) in the treatment of refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension: 2 mL/kg 7.5% saline is more effective than 2 mL/kg 20% mannitol. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:1683–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Battison C, Andrews PJ, Graham C, et al. Randomized, controlled trial on the effect of a 20% mannitol solution and a 7.5% saline/6% dextran solution on increased intracranial pressure after brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:196–202.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Doyle JA, Davis DP, Hoyt DB. The use of hypertonic saline in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2001;50:367–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons; Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/CNS. Hyperosmolar therapy. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:S14–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. The Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Anesthetics, analgesics, and sedatives. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:S71–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Bader MK, Arbour R, Palmer S. Refractory increased intracranial pressure in severe traumatic brain injury: barbiturate coma and bispectral index monitoring. AACN Clin Issues. 2005;16:526–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Pérez-Bárcena J, Llompart-Pou JA, Homar J, et al. Pentobarbital versus thiopental in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2008;12:R112.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Schalén W, Sonesson B, Messeter K, et al. Clinical outcome and cognitive impairment in patients with severe head injuries treated with barbiturate coma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1992;117:153–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Peterson K, Carson S, Carney N. Hypothermia treatment for traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurotrauma. 2008;25:62–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Clifton GL, Miller ER, Choi SC, et al. Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:556–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Adelson PD. Hypothermia following pediatric traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2009;26:429–36.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Linares G, Mayer SA. Hypothermia for the treatment of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Crit Care Med. 2009;37:S243–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Gudeman S, Miller J, Becker D. Failure of high-dose steroid therapy to influence intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg. 1979;51:301–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Saul T, Ducker T, Saleman M, et al. Steroids in severe head injury: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Neurosurg. 1981;54:596–600.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Edwards P, Arango M, Balica L, et al. Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injury—outcomes at 6 months. Lancet. 2005;365:1957–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Feigin VL, Anderson N, Rinkel GJ, et al. Corticosteroids for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and primary intracerebral haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;3:CD004583.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Tuettenberg J, Czabanka M, Horn P, et al. Clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage for the treatment of refractory increased intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg. 2009;110:1200–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Williams RF, Magnotti LJ, Croce MA, et al. Impact of decompressive craniectomy on functional outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2009;66:1570–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Aarabi B, Hesdorffer DC, Ahn ES, et al. Outcome following decompressive craniectomy for malignant swelling due to severe head injury. J Neurosurg. 2006;104:469–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Stiefel MF, Heuer GG, Smith MJ, et al. Cerebral oxygenation following decompressive hemicraniectomy for the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension. J Neurosurg. 2004;101:241–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Sahuquillo J, Arikan F. Decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of refractory high intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;1:CD003983.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Taylor A, Butt W, Rosenfeld J, et al. A randomized trial of very early decompressive craniectomy in children with traumatic brain injury and sustained intracranial hypertension. Childs Nerv Syst. 2001;17:154–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Murray L, Arabi YM, Davies AR, D'Urso P, Kossmann T, Ponsford J, Seppelt I, Reilly P, Wolfe R, DECRA Trial Investigators; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(16):1493–502.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Hofmeijer J, Kappelle LJ, Algra A, et al. HAMLET investigators. Surgical decompression for space-occupying cerebral infarction (the Hemicraniectomy After middle cerebral artery infarction with life-threatening edema trial [HAMLET]): a multicentre, open, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:26–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Vahedi K, Vicaut E, Mateo J, et al. DECIMAL investigators. Sequential-design, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of early decompressive craniectomy in malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (DECIMAL trial). Stroke. 2007;38:2506–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Jüttler E, Schwab S, Schmiedek P, et al. DESTINY study group. Decompressive surgery for the treatment of malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery (DESTINY): a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke. 2007;38:2518–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Vahedi K, Hofmeijer J, Juettler E, et al. DECIMAL, DESTINY, and HAMLET investigators. Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:215–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Keller E, Pangalu A, Fandino J, et al. Decompressive craniectomy in severe cerebral venous and dural sinus thrombosis. Acta Neurochir. 2005;94:177–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Güresir E, Schuss P, Vatter H, et al. Decompressive craniectomy in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Focus. 2009;26:E4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Jüttler E, Schweickert S, Ringleb PA, et al. Long-term outcome after surgical treatment for space-occupying cerebellar infarction experience in 56 patients. Stroke. 2009;40:3060–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Pfefferkorn T, Eppinger U, Linn J, et al. Long-term outcome after suboccipital decompressive craniectomy for malignant cerebellar infarction. Stroke. 2009;40:3045–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Manley GT. Introduction: decompressive craniectomy for trauma and cerebrovascular disease. Neurosurg Focus. 2009;26:E1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Schirmer CM, Ackil AA Jr, Malek AM. Decompressive craniectomy. Neurocrit Care. 2008;8:456–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN, USA

    Manish Singh Sharma

Authors
  1. Manish Singh Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Mamta Bhushan Singh

  2. Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Rohit Bhatia

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sharma, M.S. (2019). Raised Intracranial Pressure. In: Singh, M., Bhatia, R. (eds) Emergencies in Neurology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5866-1_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5866-1_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-5864-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-5866-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation