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Enzymatic Polymerization towards Green Polymer Chemistry pp 199–231Cite as

Synthesis of Polyesters III: Acyltransferase as Catalyst

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Part of the book series: Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology ((GCST))

Abstract

The natural polyester polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is synthesized as an energy storage via thioester exchange reaction in microbial cells. The thermal and mechanical properties of PHA can be varied by modifying the monomeric composition, molecular weight, and chemical modification. To date, many efforts have been made to understand the polymerization mechanism and industrialization of PHA. PHA synthase (Acyltransferase; EC2.3) is the key player for making stereochemically regulated polyesters. PHA synthase should be one of the most important targets for the synthetic biology of PHA. In 2017, a major breakthrough occurred in the PHA research field, whereby the tertiary structures of two PHA synthases from the class I enzyme have been solved. Based on the crystal structures of the PHA synthases, the detailed reaction mechanism of PHA synthase is discussed in this chapter. Common and unique structural elements are extracted through structure- function relationships between both enzymes. Additionally, function-based studies of PHA synthases are introduced as another milestone. The discovery of a lactate-polymerizing enzyme (LPE) evolved from a PHA synthase is a typical case. The effectiveness of the evolutionary engineering of PHA synthases is demonstrated through case studies including the creation of new polyesters as well as tailor-made PHA production.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by CREST, JST (JPMJCR12B4 to ST), MIRAI, JST (JPMJMI17EC to AH), A-STEP, JST (29A1027 to TH), as well as APEX Delivering Excellence Grant 2012 (Grant No.: 1002/PBIOLOGI/910322) from Universiti Sains Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan

    Ayaka Hiroe & Seiichi Taguchi

  2. Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan

    Min Fey Chek & Toshio Hakoshima

  3. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

    Kumar Sudesh

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  1. Ayaka Hiroe
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  2. Min Fey Chek
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Correspondence to Seiichi Taguchi .

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  1. Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

    Shiro Kobayashi

  2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan

    Hiroshi Uyama

  3. Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan

    Jun-ichi Kadokawa

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Hiroe, A., Chek, M.F., Hakoshima, T., Sudesh, K., Taguchi, S. (2019). Synthesis of Polyesters III: Acyltransferase as Catalyst. In: Kobayashi, S., Uyama, H., Kadokawa, Ji. (eds) Enzymatic Polymerization towards Green Polymer Chemistry. Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3813-7_7

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