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Halophyte Growth and Physiology Under Metal Toxicity

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Book cover Ecophysiology, Abiotic Stress Responses and Utilization of Halophytes

Abstract

Heavy metals are present in low concentration in soil as their natural constituents. However various anthropogenic, industrial activities and agricultural practices have resulted in an increase in the concentration of heavy metals to toxic levels and thus become a limiting factor, affecting the sustainability of agricultural production. Environmental degradation due to increase in heavy metal is a serious issue which requires immediate remediation. To add to the problem large areas of agricultural land with heavy metal pollution are also affected by salinity particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Heavy metals inhibit plant growth and development and may be lethal at high concentrations. Heavy metal toxicity leads to a reduction of assimilation rate, respiration, nutrient uptake and increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress damages various metabolic pathways which in turn affect the physiological and biochemical processes and cause a reduction in plant growth and productivity. Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants which can grow and reproduce in saline areas where glycophytes cannot survive. Due to special adaptive mechanism present in halophytes, they can be grown in saline soils which are also heavy metal-contaminated. However halophytes are also adversely affected by higher concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni). Halophytes have additional advantages as compared to glycophytes like higher tolerance to heavy metal and increased heavy metal uptake. Various studies revealed that halophytic plants are also tolerant to other abiotic stresses like temperature, drought and heavy metals. This may be due to the activated antioxidative system against ROS-induced oxidative stress. So the halophytic plants can be used for phytoremediation purpose in salt and heavy metal-contaminated soil. Among the halophytic flora, species having high biomass and deep root system are most suitable.

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Change history

  • 05 July 2019

    This book was inadvertently published with an incorrect affiliation of Dr. Pooja in chapters 2, 5 and 9.

Abbreviations

ABC transporters:

ATP-binding cassette transporter

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

As:

Net assimilation rate

Ca:

Calcium

CAT:

Catalase

CAX:

Cation exchanger

Cd:

Cadmium

CdCl2 :

Cadmium chloride

Chl:

Chlorophyll

Co:

Cobalt

Cr:

Chromium

Cu:

Copper

Cys:

Cysteine

GB:

Glycinebetaine

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

gs:

Stomatal conductance

GSH:

Reduced form of glutathione

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

Hg:

Mercury

HM:

Heavy metal

K+ :

Potassium ion

KCl:

Potassium chloride

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

Mg:

Magnesium

MTs:

Metallothioneins

N:

Nitrogen

NaCl:

Sodium chloride

NADPH:

Reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NaNO3 :

Sodium nitrate

Ni:

Nickel

O2 − :

Superoxide anion

OH− :

Hydroxyl radical

PAs:

Polyamines

Pb:

Lead

PCD:

Programmed cell death

PCs:

Phytochelatins

POX:

Peroxidase

PS II:

Photosystem II

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

S:

Sulphur

SO4 2 :

Sulphate

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

V:

Vanadium

Zn:

Zinc

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India

    Anita Kumari, Neeraj Kumar, Sarita Devi & Babita Rani

  2. Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India

    Sunita Sheokand

  3. Regional Center, ICAR – Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Pooja

  4. ICAR – Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Ashwani Kumar, Anita Mann, Arvind Kumar & B. L. Meena

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    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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    Kamrun Nahar

  3. Botany Department & Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

    Münir Öztürk

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Kumari, A. et al. (2019). Halophyte Growth and Physiology Under Metal Toxicity. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Öztürk , M. (eds) Ecophysiology, Abiotic Stress Responses and Utilization of Halophytes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3762-8_5

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