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Introduction to the Fourth Industrial Revolution

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Book cover Drones as Cyber-Physical Systems

Abstract

Due to the relative newness of CPS concept, there are many weaknesses perceived in previous CPS books. For the moment, in terms of cost, the drone CPS is the only available system offering the advantage of 3D autonomous dynamic flying in the nearby classroom condition. Drone could become the primary ways for our young people to experience cyber-physical world. It helps illustrate for students to find a combined cyber and physical components in the single drone. Much CPS theory can be explained by typical drone flying procedures in which communication between sensors, actuators and controllers occurs through a shared communication network. Once basics for CPS with drone are delivered to the class, class can be extended to share a variety of examples with students so that they can explore the range of possibilities. The aim of this book is to help for teachers’ communities find a combined cyber and physical components in the single drone.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Vital signs (often shortened to just vitals) are a group of the 4–6 most important signs that indicate the status of the body’s vital (life-sustaining) functions: body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate (rate of breathing).

  2. 2.

    An autonomous car is expressed in various terms, but California, the U.S. officially used the term “self-driving car” in the law. So, this book uses the term a self-driving car. An autonomous car (also known as a driverless car, auto, self-driving car, robotic car) is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input.

  3. 3.

    Schwab, K. 2016. The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Geneva: World Economic Forum.

  4. 4.

    IoT (Internet of Thing) basically means that all objects are connected to the Internet.

  5. 5.

    A virtual assistant is a software agent that can perform tasks or services for an individual. The capabilities and usage of virtual assistants are expanding rapidly, with new products entering the market and a strong emphasis on voice user interfaces such as Apple’s Siri, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa and Microsoft Cortana.

  6. 6.

    The word robot has Czech origins: it was used in a science-fiction play in 1920, where it referred to human clones that were raised to work. In May 2014, Marieke Blom, chief economist of the ING Bank, stated that the term “robot” refers to every reduction of human labor, with all the corresponding digital technology and wireless networks [3].

  7. 7.

    The United States President’s Council on Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST 2007) report mentioned the importance of CPS and the urgency of its introduction to enhance the U.S. industrial competitiveness. The NITRD (Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program) program stated that there is a need to set CPS as a top priority, and in 2009, it began supporting large-scale research through the National Science Foundation (NSF).

  8. 8.

    Geographers often express their own perspective that 90% of all the data around us have location and spatial information.

  9. 9.

    MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) is the technology of microscopic devices, particularly those with moving parts such as drone. MEMS can be defined as miniaturized mechanical and electro-mechanical elements (i.e., devices and structures) that are made using the techniques of microfabrication. The critical physical dimensions of MEMS devices can vary from well below one micron on the lower end of the dimensional spectrum, all the way to several millimeters.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (Republic of)

    Jung-Sup Um

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Um, JS. (2019). Introduction to the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In: Drones as Cyber-Physical Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3741-3_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3741-3_1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-3740-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-3741-3

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