Abstract
In the present paper the procedures for transits and occultations as per the Indian texts are discussed. The algorithms used during various periods are compared with the Improved Siddhantic procedures (ISP) devised by the authors in the light of modern formulae.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Sanskrit Works
Āryabhatīyam of Āryabhaṭa I. (1) Cr. Ed. and trans. with notes by K.S. Shukla and K.V. Sarma, (2) with Nīlakaṇṭha Somasutvan’s com., edited and published (in 3 parts), K. Sambasivasastri, Trivandrum, 1977 (Reprint).
Gaṇakataraṅgiṇī of Sudhakara Dvivedi – Ed. by Sadananda Shukla, Varanasi, 1986.
Gaṇita – Yukti – Bhāṣā of Jyeṣṭadeva, vol. I & II, Ed. with Eng. tr. by K.V. Sarma, Expl. notes by K. Ramasubramanian, M.D. Srinivas and M.S. Sriram, Hindustan Book Agency (India), New Delhi, 2008.
Gaṇitasārasaṅgraha of Mahāvīrācārya – (1) Ed. with Eng. tr. by M. Rangacharya, Madras, 1912, (2) Hindi tr. by L.C. Jain, Sholapur, 1963, (3) with Eng. tr. by M. Rangacharya and Kannada tr. by Padmavathamma, Sri Hombuja Jain Math, Shimoga Dt., Karnataka, 2000.
Goladīpikā of Parameśvara – Ed. with Intr., tr. and notes by K.V.Sarma Madras, 1956–57.
Grahalāghavam of Gaṇeśa Daivajña – (1) With com. of Viśvanātha and Mādhurī Sankrit / Hindi com. by Yugesvara Jha Sastri, Benares, 1946, (2) with com. of Mallāri and Viśvanātha and Hindi com. by Kedarnath Joshi, Motilal Banarsidass, Varanasi, 1981, (3) with Eng. exposition, explanatory math. notes, examples, tables, appendices, bibliography (2006), INSA, New Delhi, 2006–07, (4) with Kannada tr. Grahagaṇita by Dr S Balachandra Rao and Rd. S.K. Uma, Bhavan’s Gandhi Centre of Science and Human Values, R.C. Rd., Bangalore – 1, 2010.
Jyatirmīmāmsā of Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji – Ed. with cr. Intr. and app. by K.V. Sarma, V.V.B.I.S.& I.S., Hosihiarpur, 1977.
.Jyotirgaṇitam by Venkaṭeśa Ketkaṙ, Bijapur, 1938.
Karaṇakutūhalam of Bhāskara II – (1) With Gaṇaka-kumuda-kaumudī com. of Sumatiharṣa and Vā-sanā vibhūṣaṇa com. of Sudhakara Dvivedi and Hindi tr. by Dr Satyendra Mishra, Varanasi, 1991, (2) with Gaṇaka- kumuda-kaumudī com. of Sumatiharṣa, Bombay, 1989, (3) with Eng. tr., math. notes, examples, tables, appendices, bibliography and original text in Roman script by Dr S Balachandra Rao and Rd. S.K. Uma, IJHS, &3 (2008), INSA, New Delhi, 2008.
Ketakīgrahagaṇitam by Veṅkaṭeśa Ketkar, Bijapur, 1930.
Khaṇḍakhādyakam of Brahmagupta – (1) Ed. with com. of Caturveda Parthūdakasvāmin by P.C. Sengupta, Calcutta, 1941; Eng, tr. by P.C. Sengupta, Calcutta, 1934, (2) with com. of Bhaṭṭotpala – Ed. and Eng. tr. by K.S. Shukla, Lucknow, 1963.
Laghumābhāskarīyam of Bhāskara I – Ed. and tr. by K.S. Shukla, Lucknow, 1963.
Laghumānasam of Mañjula – Critical study, tr. and notes by Kripa Shankar Shukla, I.J.H.S. vol 25, Nos. 1-4, New Delhi, 1990.
Mahābhāskarīyam of Bhāskara I – (1) Cr. ed with Bhāṣya of Govindasvāmin and super com. Siddhāntadīpikā of Parameśvara by T.S. Kuppanna Sastri, Madaras, 1957, (2) Ed. with tr., notes and comments by Kripa Shankar Shukla, Lucknow, 1960.
Pañcasiddhāntikā of Varahāmihira – (1) Ed. with Sanskrit com. and Eng. tr. by G. Thibaut and S. Dvivedi, Reprint, Reprint, Motilal Banarsidass, 1930, (2) Text, tr. and notes (2 parts) by O. Neugebauer and D. Pingree, Copenhagen, 1971, (3) With tr. and notes of Prof T.S. Kuppanna Sastri, cr ed. by K.V. Sarma. P.P.S.T. Foundation, Madras, 1993.
Siddhānta darpaṇaḥ of Sāmanta Candraśekhara Simha, (1) Indian Depository, Calcutta, 1899, (2) with Eng. tr. & Hindi tr. by Arun Kumar Upadhyaya, Nag Publishers, Delhi, 1998 and 1996.
Siddhāntadarpaṇam of Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji with autocom., cr. ed. with Intr., tr. and app. by K.V. Sarma, V.V.B.I.S. & I.S., Hoshiarpur, 1976.
Siddhāntaśiromani of Bhāskara II – (1) With Bhāskara’s autocom. Vāsanā Ed. by Sudhakara Dvivedi, Kashi Sanskrit Series, No. 72, Benaras, 1929, (2) with Prabhā vāsanā com. by Muralidhara Thakur. Kashi Sanskrit Series, No. 149, Benaras, 1950, (3) Ed. by Bapudeva Sastri and revised by Ganapati Deva Sastri, 2nd ed, 1989, (4) Eng. exposition by D. Arkasomayaji, Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Tirupati, 1980.
Sphuṭacandrāptih of Mādhava of Saṅgamagrāma – Cr. ed. with Intr., tr. and notes by K.V. Sarma, V.V.R.I., Hoshiarpur, 1973.
Sūryasiddhānta – (1) Tr. by Rev. E. Burgess, Ed. by Phanindralal Gangooly with Intr. by P.C. Sengupta, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1989, (2) Ed. with com. of Parameśvara by Kripa Shankar Shukla, Lucknow, 1957 and (3) Ed. with Vijñāna Bhāsya in Hindi by Mahavirprasad Srivastava, Dr Ratnakumari Svadhyaya Samsthana, Allahabad, 1983.
Tantrsaṅgraha of Nīlakaṇṭha Somayāji (1) With Yuktidīpikā and Laghuvivṛti com. of Śaṅkara, Cr. ed. with intr. and app. by K.V. Sarma, V.V.B.I.S. & I.S., Hoshiarpur, 1983. (2) with Eng. tr. and notes by K. Ramasubramanian and M.S. Sriram, Hindustan Book Agency (India), New Delhi, 2011.
Tithicintāmaṇi of Gaṇeśa Daivajña – with com. of Viśvanātha, ed. by D.V. Apte, Poona, 1942.
Vākyapañcādhyāyī, Cr. ed. by T.S. Kuppanna Sastri and K.V. Sarma, K.S.R. Inst., Madras, 1962
Works in English
Balachandra Rao, S., Venugopal, P., 2008. Eclipses in Indian Astronomy. Bangalore, Gandhi Centre of Science & Human Values.
Balachandra Rao, S., Venugopal, P., 2009. Transit and Occultations in Indian Astronomy. Bangalore, Gandhi Centre of Science & Human Values.
Balachandra Rao, S., Uma, S.K., and Venugopal, P., 2008. Conjunction transits and occultation by Siddhāntic procedures. Indian Journal of History of Science, 43, 51-551.
Chauvenet, W.A., 1960. A Manual of Spherical and Practical Astronomy, Volume 1. New York, Dover (Reprint).
Espenak, F., 1989. Fifty Year Canon of Solar Eclipses, 1986–2035. Washington (D.C.), NASA.
Kapoor, R.C., 2013a. Did Ibn Sīnā observe the transit of Venus 1032 AD? Indian Journal of History of Science, 48, 405–445.
Kapoor, R.C., 2013b. Indian astronomy and the transits of Venus. 1: The early observations. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 16, 269–286.
Kapoor, R.C., 2014. Indian astronomy and the transits of Venus. 2: the 1874 event. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 17, 113–135.
Maunder, M., and Moore, P., 2001. Transit: When Planets Cross the Sun. London, Springer.
Meeus, J., 1989. Elements of Solar Eclipses: 1951–2200. Richmond (Virginia), Willman-Bell.
Montelle, C., 2011. Chasing Shadows. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Pape, C.F., 1861. Beobachtung des Mercur-Durch-ganges am 11. Novbr. 1861 auf der Altonaer Sternwarte. Astronomische Nachrichten, 56, 239–240.
Pigatto, L., and Zanini, V., 2001. Spectroscopic observations of the 1874 transit of Venus: the Italian party at Muddapur, eastern India. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 4, 43–58.
Ramasubramaniam, K., Srinivas, M.D., Sriram, M.S., 1994. Modification of the earlier Indian planetary theory by the Kerala astronomers and the implied heliocentric picture of planetary motion. Current Science, 66, 784–790.
Rathnasree, N., and Sanat, K., 2004. 1874 transit observations of A.V. Narsinga Rao at Visakhapatnam. Indian Journal of History of Science, 39, 231–236.
Rathnasree, N., Shylaja, B.S., Kaidala, G., and Mukk-erjee, A., 2012. A search for records of planetary transits prior to the colonial period. Current Science, 103, 95–97.
Shylaja, B.S., 1977. Eclipse – A Celestial Shadow Play. Cambridge, BASE and University Press.
Shylaja, B.S., 2012. Chintamani Ragoonatha Charry and Contemporary Indian Astronomy. Bangalore, Bangalore Association for Science Education and Navakarnataka Publications.
Srinivas, M.D., 1990. Indian approach to science: the case of Jyotiśśāstra. Patriotic & People Oriented Science & Technology Foundation Bulletin, 19–20, 69–76.
Sriram, M.S., Ramasubramaniam, K., Srinivas, M.D., (eds.), 2002. 500 Years of Tantrasangraha: A Land-mark in the History of Astronomy. Shimla, Indian Institute of Advanced Studies.
Venugopal, P., 1995. True positions of planets in Indian astronomy. Paper presented at the National Symposium, B.M. Birla Science Centre, Hyderabad, September 1995.
Venugopal, P., 1996. Eclipses in Siddhantas, Paper presented at the seminar on “Sanskrit – Source of Science”, Mangalore, 19–20 November 1996.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Hindustan Book Agency 2018 and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Balachandra Rao, S., Venugopal, P., Rupa, K. (2019). Transits and Occultations in Indian Astronomy. In: Orchiston, W., Sule, A., Vahia, M. (eds) The Growth and Development of Astronomy and Astrophysics in India and the Asia-Pacific Region. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, vol 54. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3645-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3645-4_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-3644-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-3645-4
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)