Abstract
The book concludes with exploring the potential of gay rap music in redefining the black identity, generating political awareness, and empowering youths. It first suggests that gay rap can help the black community face its own denial of individuality and agency, and then proceeds to discuss how in gaining more audiences, gay rap can destabilise hegemonic discourses that co-opt cultural phenomena, as seen in the music industry, by giving niche markets to non-heterosexual artists. Lastly, it discusses the potential of gay rap as educational texts for youth empowerment, especially for young black gays and lesbians since it is able to provide the missing link between representation and selfhood in the pursuit of social acceptance and self-actualisation.
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- 1.
The documentary was released by PBS’ Independent Lens, directed by C.D. Kirven, premiered on June 15, 2014.
- 2.
Kaoz Presents: Real Talk MPLS (2011). All Out Records.
- 3.
For example, ReverbNation, SoundCloud.
- 4.
Papi refers to one’s boyfriend or sex partner.
- 5.
Kaoz Presents: Real Talk MPLS (2011). All Out Records.
- 6.
No Bush, Straight Dicks (2009). Lester Greene/CD Baby.
- 7.
Rustin was awarded posthumously the President Medal of Freedom by Barak Obama on August 12, 2013. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/08/president-obama-names-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients. Retrieved 09/07/2014.
- 8.
See The New York Times Archives: http://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/10/us/plagiarism-seen-by-scholars-in-king-s-phd-dissertation.html. Retrieved 13/06/2014.
Or Radin, Charles A. (1991-10-11). “Panel Confirms Plagiarism by King at Boston University”. The Boston Globe. p. 1.
- 9.
It has been suggested that King plagiarised a sermon “Let Freedom Ring” by Archibald James Carey Jr., a popular black preacher in the 1950s (see Hansen, D.D., 2003. The Dream: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Speech that Inspired a Nation. New York, NY: HarperCollins. p. 108).
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Li, X. (2019). Conclusion. In: Black Masculinity and Hip-Hop Music. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3513-6_7
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