Abstract
The chapter introduces the Tokyo Trial and looks at its relationship with larger political, legal, and historical goals of the postwar international order. Babovic introduces the concept of international criminal justice and legal-based international order in relation to which the Tokyo Tribunal is analyzed. Babovic observes the Tribunal in two distinct moments of its activity—establishment and execution of sentences to show the evolution of the goals and the nature of justice and how these interact to give new interpretation of the Tribunal in relation to its utility to the parties involved. The chapter further delves into the central questions of the book and its main findings.
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Notes
- 1.
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Article 15bis.
- 2.
Nuremberg Judgement, October 1, 1946, 25.
- 3.
Akira Iriye, Japan and the Wider World: From Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Present, New York: Longman, 1997, 100.
- 4.
Brian Orend, The Morality of War, Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2006, 247.
- 5.
Larry May, Aggression and Crimes Against Peace (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 339.
- 6.
Neil Boister and Robert Cryer, The Tokyo International Military Tribunal: A Reappraisal, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008; Kirsten Sellars, Crime Against Peace and International Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013; Kirsten Von Lingen, Transcultural Justice at the Tokyo Tribunal: The Allied Struggle for Justice, Leiden: Brill, 2018; Sandra Wilson, Krebb, Trefault, and Dean Aszkielowicz, Japanese War Criminals: The Politics of Justice After the Second World War (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017).
- 7.
Kirsten Von Lingen, Transcultural Justice at the Tokyo Tribunal: The Allied Struggle for Justice, Leiden: Brill, 2018.
- 8.
Madoka Futamura, War Crimes Tribunal and Transitional Justice: The Tokyo Trial and the Nuremberg Legacy, London: Routledge, 2008, 109–133.
- 9.
Ibid., 72–74; 109.
- 10.
Jackson N. Maogoto, War Crimes and Realpolitik: International Justice from World War I to the 21st Century, (London: Rienner Publishers, 2004), 10.
- 11.
Jackson N. Maogoto, War Crimes and Realpolitik: International Justice from World War I to the 21st Century, 10.
- 12.
Judith N. Shklar, Legalism: Law, Morals and Political Trials, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986, 144.
- 13.
Legalism as ideology is referred to in the sense that it defends the law from the world of politics, without its proponents acknowledging that in claiming so they are also positioning themselves among political values. See more in Shklar, Legalism: Law, Morals and Political Trials, 8.
- 14.
Shklar, Legalism: Law, Morals and Political Trials, 126, 143.
- 15.
Jonathan N. Choi, “Early Release in International Criminal Law,” The Yale Law Journal 123 (2014): 1812.
- 16.
Peter Maguire, Law and War: An American Story, New York: Columbia University Press, 2001, 9.
- 17.
Ibid.
- 18.
Zachary D. Kaufman, United States Law and Policy on Transitional Justice: Principles, Politics and Pragmatics, New York: Oxford University Press, 2017, 58–60.
- 19.
Zachary D. Kaufman, United States Law and Policy on Transitional Justice: Principles, Politics and Pragmatics, 58–60.
- 20.
M. Cherif Bassiouni, “From Versailles to Rwanda in Seventy-Five Years: The Need to Establish a Permanent International Criminal Court”, Harvard Human Rights Law Review 10 (1997): 12.
- 21.
Ibid., 12.
- 22.
Ibid., 12.
- 23.
Ibid., 12.
- 24.
Jonathan N. Choi, “Early Release in International Criminal Law,” 1791.
- 25.
James Burnham Sedgwick, “The Trial Within: Negotiating Justice at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, 1946–1948,” (Phd Thesis, The University of British Columbia, 2012), 24–25.
- 26.
Ibid.,” 24–25.
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Babovic, A. (2019). The Tokyo Tribunal, Justice, and International Order. In: The Tokyo Trial, Justice, and the Postwar International Order. New Directions in East Asian History. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3477-1_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3477-1_1
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