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Bioremediation of Industrial Waste for Environmental Safety pp 127–163Cite as

Constructed Wetlands: A Clean-Green Technology for Degradation and Detoxification of Industrial Wastewaters

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Abstract

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have played a significant role in the purification and treatment of domestic, mining, agricultural, and industrial wastewater in the last few decades. CWs are designed and constructed on engineered systems to develop the natural processes involving wetland soils, flora, and their related microbial accumulations to support wastewater treatment. The CWs, therefore, present environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and favorable substitute for industrial wastewater treatment. Several techniques have been used in the removal of contaminants from CWs such as filtration, sedimentation, adsorption, volatilization, phyto-accumulation, and microbial activity. In the past, CWs have played efficient role in the removal of toxic metals, hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals, and dyes from wastewater. However, the efficiency mainly depends on initial concentrations of contaminants, plant types, plant microbes’ interactions, climatic condition and flow rate of wastewater etc. The overall conclusion of this book chapter will contribute to the development of phyto-technology for industrial wastewater and other associated industrial problems.

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Acknowledgment

The authors of this chapter are tremendously grateful to the Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, University of Peshawar and National Center of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Sardar Khan

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

    Javed Nawab

  3. Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Mingora, Pakistan

    Javed Nawab & Muhammad Waqas

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  1. Sardar Khan
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  2. Javed Nawab
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  1. Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Microbiology (DM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Naresh Bharagava

  2. Laboratory for Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Microbiology (DM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Gaurav Saxena

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Khan, S., Nawab, J., Waqas, M. (2020). Constructed Wetlands: A Clean-Green Technology for Degradation and Detoxification of Industrial Wastewaters. In: Bharagava, R., Saxena, G. (eds) Bioremediation of Industrial Waste for Environmental Safety. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3426-9_6

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