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Plasticity of Epidermal Stem Cells: The Future of Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics to Improve Cutaneous Wound Healing

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Severe Trauma and Sepsis

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Abstract

The purpose of wound healing is to repair the skin to prevent infection and to restore tissue integrity and function. Unfortunately, in adults, this process is geared toward faster rates of healing, to prevent infection, which ultimately leads to a compromise in the quality of healing. This compromise results in scarring, where the architecture of the skin is distinct from the original tissue, significantly affecting function and overall quality of life. The ideal for future treatments is to increase the rates of healing while improving the quality of healing resulting in more of a regenerative process rather than a repair-orientated one.

The use of cellular therapy in the treatment of cutaneous wounds is currently an active area of investigation. Multipotent adult stem cells are an attractive choice for cell therapy because they have a large proliferative potential, the ability to differentiate into different cell types and produce a variety of cytokines and growth factors important to wound healing. As the biggest organ in the body, skin tissues represent a larger reservoir for adult stem cells. Recent studies further report that adult skin tissues contain cell populations with pluripotent characteristics. Multipotent stem cells from hair follicle and non-follicular skin, both in epidermal and dermal tissues, are found to have the differentiation capacity to generate multiple cell lineages. Specifically, it has been evidenced that keratinocytes in the skin may possess a transcriptional profile that is more amenable to reprogramming, and the fate of these cells can change in response to surrounding microenvironment. Given its easy accessibility, stem cells in the skin will not only provide an experimental model for skin biology but also may have extensive therapeutic implications in the replacement of the skin and may serve as an alternative source of stem cells for several other organs outside of the skin. The in situ activation and mobilization of stem cell populations in the skin is an ideal way to renew and repair the epidermis and dermis, even appendages.

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  1. Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China

    Xiaoyan Sun, Hua Qin, Siming Yang & Xiaobing Fu

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  1. Wound Healing and Cell Biology Lab, First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

    Xiaobing Fu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing, China

    Liangming Liu

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Sun, X., Qin, H., Yang, S., Fu, X. (2019). Plasticity of Epidermal Stem Cells: The Future of Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics to Improve Cutaneous Wound Healing. In: Fu, X., Liu, L. (eds) Severe Trauma and Sepsis. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3353-8_20

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