Abstract
In the present investigation, behavior of OPC and fly ash based concretes were assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique after exposing the samples to the marine environment in combination with five pH levels (1, 4, 7, 10, and 13). Three different dosages of fly ash (15, 25, and 35%) were used to produce fly ash based concretes. After 90 days of exposure to the aggressive environment, the OPC and fly ash based concretes were tested for impedance analysis and corrosion resistance by electrochemical studies. For the equivalent electrical circuit in EIS study, a total of four electrical circuits were tried for the possible best fit of obtained Nyquist plots. The equivalent electrical circuits proposed by previous researchers failed to provide the best fit for the obtained Nyquist plots. A new equivalent electrical circuit is being proposed in this study which will provide the possible best fit of Nyquist plots when the concrete is being exposed to acidic and alkaline marine environment. It is observed that the pH of the marine environment has a decisive influence on the impedance of reinforced concrete. As the acidity of marine environment reduces to pH 1, the impedance of OPC and fly ash based concrete reduced significantly due to the severe deterioration of concrete composites especially because of acid attack and Cl− ions migration. However, in the case of alkaline nature of the marine environment (pH 13), there was comparably less deterioration of concrete composites which reflected in higher impedance values. The higher dosage of fly ash addition has led to substantial improvement in concrete impedance and also lower corrosion rate.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ismail, M., & Ohtsu, M. (2006). Corrosion rate of ordinary and high-performance concrete subjected to chloride attack by AC impedance spectroscopy. Construction and Building Materials, 20, 458–469.
Bassuoni, M. T., & Nehdi, M. L. (2007). Resistance of self-consolidating concrete to sulfuric acid attack with consecutive pH reduction. Cement and Concrete Research, 37, 1070–1084.
Zhu, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, Z., & Yao, Y (2017). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of hydration process and drying shrinkage for cement paste with W/C of 0.25 affected by high range water reducer. Construction and Building Materials, 131, 536–541.
Triana, V., Lizarazo-Marriaga, J., & Flórez, J. O. (2013). Steel corrosion assessment by electrochemical impedance on metakaolin blended mortars. Material Research, 16, 1457–1464.
Broomfield, J. P. (2006). Corrosion of steel in concrete: understanding, investigation and repair. CRC Press.
Christensen, B. J., Coverdale, T., Olson, R. A., Ford, S. J., Garboczi, E. J., Jennings, H. M., et al. (1994). Impedance spectroscopy of hydrating cement-based materials: measurement, interpretation, and application. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 77, 2789–2804.
Xie, P., Gu, P., Xu, Z., & Beaudoin, J. J. (1993). A rationalized AC impedence model for microstructural characterization of hydrating cement systems. Cement and Concrete Research, 23, 359–367.
Gu, P., Xie, P., Beaudoin, J. J., & Brousseau, R. (1992). AC impedance spectroscopy (I): A new equivalent circuit model for hydrated Portland cement paste. Cement and Concrete Research, 22, 833–840.
Ribeiro, D. V, & Abrantes, J. C. C. (2016). Application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to monitor the corrosion of reinforced concrete: A new approach. Construction and Building Materials, 111, 98–104.
Jain, J., & Neithalath, N. (2011). Electrical impedance analysis based quantification of microstructural changes in concretes due to non-steady state chloride migration. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 129, 569–579.
da Silva, F. G., & Liborio, J. B. L. (2006). A study of steel bar reinforcement corrosion in concretes with SF and SRH using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Material Research, 9, 209–215.
Gonzalez, J. A., Lopez, W., & Rodriguez, P. (1993). Effects of moisture availability on corrosion kinetics of steel embedded in concrete. Corrosion, 49, 1004–1010.
Montemor, M. F., Simoes, A. M. P., & Ferreira, M. G. S. (2003). Chloride-induced corrosion on reinforcing steel: From the fundamentals to the monitoring techniques. Cement and Concrete Composites, 25, 491–502.
Christensen, B. J., Mason, T. O., & Jennings, H. M. (1992). Influence of silica fume on the early hydration of Portland cements using impedance spectroscopy. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 75, 939–945.
Sagüés, A. A., Kranc, S. C., & Moreno, E. I. (1995). The time-domain response of a corroding system with constant phase angle interfacial component: Application to steel in concrete. Corrosion Science, 37, 1097–1113.
Feliu, V., González, J. A., Andrade, C., Feliu, S. (1998). Equivalent circuit for modelling the steel-concrete interface. I. Experimental evidence and theoretical predictions. Corrosion Science, 40, 975–993.
Poursaee, A., Laurent, A., & Hansson, C. M. (2010). Corrosion of steel bars in OPC mortar exposed to NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2: Macro-and micro-cell corrosion perspective. Cement and Concrete Research, 40, 426–430.
G3-89, A. (2010). Standard practice for conventions applicable to electrochemical measurements in corrosion testing.
G106, A. (2010). Standard practice for verification of algorithm and equipment for electrochemical impedance measurements. Google Scholar.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Goudar, S.K., Das, B.B., Arya, S.B. (2019). Combined Effect of Marine Environment and pH on the Impedance of Reinforced Concrete Studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. In: Das, B., Neithalath, N. (eds) Sustainable Construction and Building Materials. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , vol 25. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3317-0_57
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3317-0_57
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-3316-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-3317-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)