Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Energy Policy Design and China’s Local Climate Governance: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Policies in Hangzhou

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover The Palgrave Handbook of Local Governance in Contemporary China

  • 1015 Accesses

Abstract

This study probes climate policy design at city level in China, with Hangzhou’s energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) policies between 2005 and 2014 as a case. The study applies a political action arena approach to accentuate the importance of different normative preferences behind climate change policies in relation to Hangzhou’s emerging urban climate governance regime. Three main categories of policy instruments are identified—that is, command-and-control, market-based, and collaborative governance instruments—and their development over time is examined. It is concluded that in Hangzhou EE is a more mature and comprehensive political action arena than RE. The study also finds that there has been a significant shift away from preferences toward command-and-control to more market-based instruments, while cooperative governance instruments are still in their infancy. It finally shows that the design and implementation of local programs, especially the selection of policy instruments, are strongly influenced by the normative preferences of local officials. Thus, the approach of Hangzhou’s government to the design and implementation of climate policies seem to gradually become less authoritarian, more market based, and more accountable due to the inherent complexity of this political action arena.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    See Qi and Wu, “Politics of climate change”; CPI, The policy climate; Baeumler, Ijjasz-Vasquez and Mehndiratta, Sustainable Low-Carbon City Development in China.

  2. 2.

    See OECD, “Cities and climate change”.

  3. 3.

    Here, based on Chinese practice, we use “low carbon development programs/policies” as a concept that embraces policies that contribute to reducing CO2 emissions.

  4. 4.

    See Boyd, “China’s energy and climate”.

  5. 5.

    See Zhou and Delbosc, “Chinese climate and energy”.

  6. 6.

    Song et al., “China’s climate policies”.

  7. 7.

    See Ostrom, “Institutional rational choice”.

  8. 8.

    See Koehn, China Confronts Climate Change; Song et al., “China’s climate policies”; Odgaard and Delman, “China′s energy security challenges”.

  9. 9.

    Cf. Pattberg and Stripple, “Remapping transnational climate governance”.

  10. 10.

    Lieberthal and Oxenberg (1988) argued that China’s political system can be seen as a fragmented authoritarian system. Also see Delman, “Urban climate change politics”; Koehn, China Confronts Climate Change.

  11. 11.

    See Koehn, China Confronts Climate Change.

  12. 12.

    See Stavins, “Policy instruments for climate change”.

  13. 13.

    See Guo, “China’s Administrative Reform”.

  14. 14.

    See Sigley, “Chinese governmentalities”.

  15. 15.

    See Heilmann and Perry Mao’s invisible hand; Yu and Wang, “Applicability of governance theory”.

  16. 16.

    See OECD, “Cities and climate change”; Broto and Bulkeley, “Urban climate change experiments”; Bulkeley, Cities and climate change.

  17. 17.

    We use “climate policies” as another generic term that comprises policies within the fields of climate change, environment, and renewable energy (RE)/energy security.

  18. 18.

    See Schröder, Local climate governance; Mai and Francesch-Huidobro, Climate change governance; Koehn, China Confronts Climate Change.

  19. 19.

    See Song et al., “China’s climate policies”; IPCC, Climate change 2014.

  20. 20.

    See note 7 above.

  21. 21.

    See Ostrom, “Institutional rational choice”, 23.

  22. 22.

    See Ostrom, “Institutional rational choice”, 26.

  23. 23.

    See Ostrom, “Institutional rational choice”, 36.

  24. 24.

    See Ostrom, “Institutional rational choice”; Schlager, “A Comparison of frameworks”.

  25. 25.

    Cf. note 12.

  26. 26.

    Cf. Ostrom, “Institutional rational choice”.

  27. 27.

    See Chow, “Economic planning in China”.

  28. 28.

    See note 7.

  29. 29.

    See Sigley, “Chinese governmentalities”; Rhodes, “Governing without government”.

  30. 30.

    See note 27.

  31. 31.

    See Dubash et al., “National climate change mitigation”.

  32. 32.

    See CPCCC, “Decision on deepening reforms”.

  33. 33.

    See note 12.

  34. 34.

    See Xu et al., “Chinese climate change mitigation”.

  35. 35.

    See Kostka, “Barriers of environmental policies”.

  36. 36.

    See Delman, “Urban climate change politics”; Koehn, China Confronts Climate Change; Kostka, “Barriers of environmental policies”; CPCCC “Decision on deepening reforms”; Wang, “Search for Sustainable Legitimacy”.

  37. 37.

    See Wang, “Search for Sustainable Legitimacy”.

  38. 38.

    See Qi, “Low-Carbon development in China”.

  39. 39.

    See Koehn, China Confronts Climate Change; Wang, “Search for Sustainable Legitimacy”; MF, “energy conservation & emission reduction”.

  40. 40.

    See Qi and Wu, “Politics of climate change”.

  41. 41.

    See note 35.

  42. 42.

    See Sigley, “Chinese governmentalities”.

  43. 43.

    See note 12.

  44. 44.

    Cottrell et al., “Revenues for green energy”; Zhou and Delbosc, “Chinese climate and energy”.

  45. 45.

    Zhan, “Carbon trading in China”; Kostka, “Barriers of environmental policies”.

  46. 46.

    Culminating with the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee’s 2013 reform program. See CPCCC, “Decision on deepening reforms”.

  47. 47.

    Kooiman et al., “Interactive governance and governability”.

  48. 48.

    See Mai and Francesch-Huidobro, Climate change governance.

  49. 49.

    See note 48 above.

  50. 50.

    See note 7.

  51. 51.

    Cf. Ingram, Schneider, and DeLeon, “Social construction and policy design”.

  52. 52.

    See Guan, Grunow, and Yu, “Improving China’s environmental performance”.

  53. 53.

    See Heilmann, “Local to national policy”.

  54. 54.

    See Boyd, Keen, and Rennkamp, “Emerging arrangements for MRV”; See Zhou and Delbosc, “Chinese climate and energy”.

  55. 55.

    See Qi and Wu, “Politics of climate change”.

  56. 56.

    See Odgaard and Delman, “China′s energy security challenges”.

  57. 57.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Preparing the 12th Five-year Plan”.

  58. 58.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Energy reduction report 2014”.

  59. 59.

    Energy intensity, energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product (GDP), has been set as a national indicator for energy conservation since 2006 (State Council of China, 2005). Additionally, total energy consumption was set as a second national indicator for energy conservation in late January 2013, when China’s State Council approved an “energy consumption control target” below the equivalent of 4 billion tons of coal per year by 2015 (See State Council of China, 2013).

  60. 60.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Hangzhou 11th Five Year Plan for energy conservation”.

  61. 61.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Hangzhou 12th Five Year Plan for energy conservation”.

  62. 62.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Hangzhou 11th Five Year Plan for energy conservation”; Hangzhou Government, “Hangzhou 12th Five Year Plan for energy conservation”.

  63. 63.

    See Delman, “Urban climate change politics”.

  64. 64.

    See Zhejiang Economy and Trade Committee (ZETC) and Zhejiang Statistics Bureau (ZSB). “Guideline for energy consumption”.

  65. 65.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2012)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2013)”.

  66. 66.

    See General Administration of Quality Supervision (GAQS), “Measuring instrument of energy”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2013)”.

  67. 67.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2007)”.

  68. 68.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2009)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2010)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2011)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2012)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2013)”; Hangzhou Government, “Energy reduction report 2014”.

  69. 69.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Plans for energy-saving program”.

  70. 70.

    See KPMG, “Green economy-invest in Hangzhou”.

  71. 71.

    See Kostka and Shin, “Energy conservation service companies”.

  72. 72.

    See Göbel, “Uneven policy implementation in rural China”.

  73. 73.

    See Liu, “Credits for energy conservation”.

  74. 74.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2007)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2009)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2010)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan of strategic industries (2011–2015)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2012)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2013)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for energy conservation (2014)”; KPMG. “Green technology–invest Hangzhou”.

  75. 75.

    Cf. Kostka, “Barriers of environmental policies”.

  76. 76.

    The first policies primarily aimed at solar energy and new energy autos.

  77. 77.

    See KPMG, “New energy”.

  78. 78.

    See National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and National Energy Bureau (NEB). “Renewable energy’s 12th Five-year plan”.

  79. 79.

    Hangzhou’s government has little influence on the acquisition of energy or on determining the sources of its power supply. This responsibility rests with the province (interview with official from Hangzhou Development and Reform Commission, November 13, 2015).

  80. 80.

    See Hangzhou Government, “New energy industry plan (2010–2015)”; Hangzhou Government, “Plan for major industries (2011–2015)”.

  81. 81.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Three-year plan for energy-saving”; Hangzhou Government, “Development of the photovoltaic industry”.

  82. 82.

    See Hangzhou Government, “‘Twelfth Five Year’ low carbon plan”.

  83. 83.

    See Hangzhou Government, “New energy industry development (2010–2015)”.

  84. 84.

    See note 83.

  85. 85.

    See KPMG, “New energy”.

  86. 86.

    See note 82.

  87. 87.

    See Hangzhou Government, “Hangzhou Municipal Government opinions on the better development of the distributed photovoltaic industry by accelerating the applications”.

  88. 88.

    See note 87.

  89. 89.

    Cf. note 63.

  90. 90.

    See Qi, “Low-Carbon development in China”.

  91. 91.

    See note 7.

References

  • Boyd, Anya, Samantha Keen, and Britta Rennkamp. “A comparative analysis of emerging institutional arrangements for domestic MRV in developing countries.” Energy Research Centre, Cape Town: University of Cape Town, 2014. http://www.erc.uct.ac.za/Research/publications/14-Boyd_etal-Comparative_analysis.pdf.

  • Boyd, Olivia. “China’s energy reform and climate policy: the ideas motivating change.” CCEP Working 1205. Canberra: Centre for Climate Economics and Policy, Crawford School of Economics and Government, the Australian National University, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broto, Vanesa C. and Harriet Bulkeley. “A survey of urban climate change experiments in 100 cities.” Global Environmental Change 23, (2013): 92–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bulkeley, Harriet. Cities and climate change. London: Routledge, 2013.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Chow, Gregory C. “Economic planning in China.” CEPS Working Paper, No. 219, (2011). http://www.princeton.edu/gceps/workingpapers/219chow.pdf.

  • Cottrell, Jacqueline, Richard Bridle, Zhao Yongqiang, Shi Jingli, Xie Xuxuan,Christopher Beaton, Aaron Leopold, Eike Meyer, Shruti Sharma and Han Cheng. “Green revenues for green energy: environmental fiscal reform for renewable energy technology deployment in China.” Winnipeg: International Institute for Sustainable Development and China National Renewable Energy Centre, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • CPCCC (Central Committee of the Communist Party of China). “China’s central decision on deepening reforms” [Zhongguo zhongyang guanyu quanmian shenhua gaige ruogan zhongda wenti de jueding.] Xinhua, 2013. http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2013-11/15/c_118164235.htm.

  • Delman, Jørgen. “Urban climate change politics in China: fragmented authoritarianism and governance innovations in Hangzhou.” In Chinese Politics as Fragmented Authoritarianism: Earthquakes, energy and environment, edited by Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard, 156–180. Routledge, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubash, Navroz K., Markus Hagemann, Niklas Höhne, and Prabhat Upadhyaya. “Developments in national climate change mitigation legislation and strategy.” Climate Policy 6 (2013): 649–664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • General Administration of Quality Supervision (GAQS), “General principle for equipping and managing of the measuring instrument of energy in organization of energy using” [Yongneng danwei nengyuan jiliang qiju peibei he guanli tongze], 2006. https://www.google.com.hk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwihsZzI_L_RAhXLXSwKHbejA9UQFggZMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fzjj.lanzhou.gov.cn%2Fjljd%2Fbgxz%2F201210%2FP020121025610810763057.doc&usg=AFQjCNEd21Ob7_BUOGyJ5ie49hdlsOTFXw.

  • Göbel, Christian. “Uneven policy implementation in rural China.” The China Journal 65 (2011): 53–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guan, Ting, Dieter Grunow, and Jianxing Yu. “Improving China’s Environmental Performance through Adaptive Implementation—A Comparative Case Study of Cleaner Production in Hangzhou and Guiyang.” Sustainability 6, no. 12 (2014): 8889–8908.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, Baogang. “New Trends in China’s Administrative Reform.” China Research Centre Journal [online], 3(2) (2014). http://www.chinacenter.net/2014/china_currents/13-2/new-trends-in-chinas-administrative-reform/.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Hangzhou 11th Five Year Plan for energy conservation” [Hangzhoushi “shiyi wu” jieneng zhuanxiang guihua], 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hangzhou Government, “Annual work plan for energy conservation in Hangzhou (2007)” [Hangzhoushi renmin zhengfu guanyu qieshi zuohao 2007 nian jieneng gongzuo de tongzhi], 2007, http://xmecc.xmsme.gov.cn/2007-5/200751082416.htm.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Annual work plan for energy conservation in Hangzhou (2009)” [Hanghzoushi 2009 nian jieneng gongzuo shishi fangan], 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hangzhou Government, “Hangzhou government’s decision on preparing the directory of the Twelfth Five-year Plan” [Hangzhoushi renmin zhengfu bangongting guanyu yinfa Hangzhoushi “shier wu” guihua bianzhi mulu de tongzhi], 2010a. http://www.da.hz.gov.cn/xxwj/zxwj/t20100526_21911.htm.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Hangzhou 12th Five Year Plan for energy conservation” [Hangzhoushi “shier wu” jieneng guihua], 2010b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hangzhou Government, “Annual work plan for energy conservation in Hangzhou (2010)” [Hangzhoushi 2010 nian jieneng gongzuo shishi fangan], 2010c. http://www.docin.com/p-100358733.html.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Hangzhou new energy industry development plan (2010–2015)” [Hangzhoushi xin nengyuan chanye fazhan guihua (2010–2015)] 2010d. http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/art/2014/6/19/art_964938_286014.html.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Annual work plan for energy conservation in Hangzhou (2011)” [Hangzhoushi 2011 nian jieneng gongzuo shishi fangan de tongzhi], 2011a. http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/art/2011/6/29/art_807827_1494.html.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Development plan of strategic emerging industries of Hangzhou (2011–2015)” [Hangzhoushi zhanluexing xinxing chanye fazhan guihua], 2011b. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/35e409144431b90d6d85c701.html.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Annual work plan for energy conservation in Hangzhou (2012)” [Hangzhoushi renmin zhengfu bangongting guanyu yinfa hangzhoushi 2012 nian jieneng gongzuo shishi fangan de tongzhi], 2012a. http://www.deqing.gov.cn/art/2012/6/23/art_1801_482.html.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Development plan for ten major industries of Hangzhou (2011–2015)” [Hangzhoushi shida chanye fazhan zongti guihua (2010–2015)], 2012b. http://www.qianzhan.com/regieconomy/detail/198/130410-22645139.html.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Annual work plan for energy conservation in Hangzhou (2013)” [Hangzhoushi 2013 nian jieneng gongzuo shishi fangan], 2013a. http://xmecc.xmsme.gov.cn/2013-7/201373145754.htm.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Implementing plans for ‘one thousand ten thousand tons’ energy-saving program” [Hangzhoushi “wandun qianjia” jieneng xingdong shishi fangan], 2013b. http://hzjxw.gov.cn/hz/web/ShowInfo_File.asp?ID=22512&TypeID=5&FileID=100.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Three-year action plan of innovation and development for energy-saving and environmental protection industries in Hangzhou” [Hangzhoushi jieneng huanbao chanye chuangxin fazhan sannian xingdong jihua], 2013c. http://www.hzjxw.gov.cn/hz/web/ShowInfo_File.asp?ID=23398&TypeID=6&FileID=100.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Conference of energy conservation and consumption reduction report in 2014” [2014 nian quanshi jieneng jianghao gongzuo xingshi tongbao hui], 2014a. http://www.gjjnhb.com/info/detail/37-22322.html.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Annual work plan for energy conservation in Hangzhou (2014)” [Hangzhoushi 2014 nian jieneng gongzuo shishi fangan de tongzhi], 2014b. http://hangzhouit.gov.cn/hz/web/ShowInfo_File.asp?ID=26148&TypeID=17&FileID=100.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Hangzhou Municipal Government opinions on the better development of the distributed photovoltaic industry by accelerating the applications” [Hangzhoushi renmin zhengfu guanyu jiakuai fenbushi guangfu fadian yingyong cujin chanye jiankang fazhan de shishi yijian], 2014c. http://www.nea.gov.cn/2014-09/04/c_133620541.htm.

  • Hangzhou Government, “Hangzhou ‘Twelfth Five Year’ low carbon urban plan” [Hangzhoushi “shier wu” ditan chengshi fazhan guihua], 2014d.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilmann, Sebastian, and Elizabeth J. Perry, eds. Mao’s invisible hand: the political foundations of adaptive governance in China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilmann, Sebastian. “From local experiments to national policy: The origins of China’s distinctive policy process.” The China Journal 59 (2008): 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, Helen, Anne L. Schneider, and Peter DeLeon. “Social construction and policy design.” Theories of the policy process 2 (2007): 93–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate change 2014: mitigation of climate change. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koehn, Peter H. China Confronts Climate Change: A Bottom-up Perspective. Routledge, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kooiman, Jan, Maarten Bavinck, Ratana Chuenpagdee, Robin Mahon, and Roger Pullin. “Interactive governance and governability: an introduction.” Journal of Transdisciplinary environmental studies 7, no. 1 (2008): 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostka, Genia. “Barriers to the implementation of environmental policies at the local level in China.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 7016. Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2014. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/08/20144757/barriers-implementation-environmental-policies-local-level-china.

  • Kostka, Genia, and Kyoung Shin. “Energy conservation through energy service companies: Empirical analysis from China.” Energy Policy 52 (2013): 748–759.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KPMG. “A green economy on the cutting edge of technology–invest Hangzhou: energy conservation and environment protection industry.” 2011. http://www.docin.com/p-1366984124.html.

  • KPMG. “An emerging centre for the green economy-invest in Hangzhou: energy conservation and environmental protection.” 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • KPMG, “New Energy: leading the way in Hangzhou’s green economy-Invest in Hangzhou: New energy.” 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieberthal, Kenneth, and Michel Oksenberg. Policy making in China: Leaders, structures, and processes. Princeton University Press, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Dan. “IFC and Hangzhou government collaboration on supporting bank credits for the energy conservation and emission projects IFC.” [Yu Hangzhoushi zhengfu jianli jieneng rouzi hezuo], 2011. http://www.yicai.com/news/2011/02/674274.html.

  • Mai, Qianqing, and Maria Francesch-Huidobro. Climate change governance in Chinese cities. Routledge, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Finance (MF). “Two ministries request to set up examples of energy conservation & emission reduction using fiscal policy” [Liangbumen yaoqiu kaizhan jienengjianpai caizheng zhengce zonghe shifan gongzuo], 2011. http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2011-06/28/content_1895327.htm.

  • National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and National Energy Bureau (NEB). “Renewable energy development of the 12th Five-year plan.” [Kezaisheng nengyuan fazhan “shierwu” guihua], 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odgaard, Ole, and Jørgen Delman. “China’s energy security and its challenges towards 2035.” Energy Policy 71 (2014): 107–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). “Cities and Climate Change National governments enabling local action. Policy Perspectives.” 2014. https://www.oecd.org/env/cc/Cities-and-climate-change-2014-Policy-Perspectives-Final-web.pdf.

  • Ostrom, Elinor. “Institutional rational choice. An assessment of the institutional analysis and development framework.” In Theories of the Policy Process, edited by Paul Sabatier, 21–64. Boulder: Westview Press, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattberg, Philipp, and Johannes Stripple. “Beyond the public and private divide: remapping transnational climate governance in the 21st century.” International environmental agreements: Politics, law and economics 8, no. 4 (2008): 367–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qi, Ye. “Annual review of Low-Carbon development in China (2013): policy implementation and institutional innovation:” [Zhongguo ditan fazhan baogao (2013): zhengce zhixing yu zhidu chuangxin]. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qi, Ye, and Tong Wu. “The politics of climate change in China.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 4, no. 4 (2013): 301–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, Roderick Arthur William. “The new governance: governing without government.” Political studies 44, no. 4 (1996): 652–667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlager, Edella. “A Comparison of frameworks, theories and models of policy processes.” In Theories of the Policy Process, edited by Paul Sabatier, 293–319. Boulder: Westview Press, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schröder, Miriam. ed. Local climate governance in China: hybrid actors and market mechanisms. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigley, Gary. “Chinese governmentalities: government, governance and the socialist market economy.” Economy and Society 35, no. 4 (2006): 487–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song, R., W. Dong, J. Zhu, X. Zhao, and Y. Wang. Assessing implementation of China’s climate policies in the 12th 5-year period. World Resources Institute Working Paper. http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/15_WP_China_Climate_Policies_final-v2_0.pdf.

  • Stavins, Robert N. “Policy instruments for climate change: how can national governments address a global problem?” The University of Chicago Legal Forum, (1997) 293–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Alex. “The Search for Sustainable Legitimacy. Environmental Law and Bureaucracy in China.” 37 Harvard Environmental Law Review 365 (2013): 367–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Bo, Qie Sun, Ronald Wennersten, and Nils Brandt. “An analysis of Chinese policy instruments for climate change mitigation.” International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 2, no. 4 (2010): 380–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, Jianxing, and Shizong Wang. “The applicability of governance theory in China.” In China’s Search for Good Governance, edited by Deng Zhenlai and Guo Sujian, 35–48. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, ZhongXiang. “Carbon emissions trading in China: the evolution from pilots to a nationwide scheme.” Climate Policy 15, no. sup1 (2015): S104-S126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhejiang Economy and Trade Committee (ZETC) and Zhejiang Statistics Bureau (ZSB). “Implementation guideline for performance appraisal of energy consumption reduction per unit GDP in Zhejiang Province.” [Zhejiangshen danwei GDP nenghao kaohe tixi shishi fangan], 2008. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-ZJZE200824010.htm.

  • Zhou, Di, and Anaïs Delbosc. “The economic tools of chinese climate and energy policy at the time of the 12th five-year plan.” Climate Report, no. 38, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Prof. Yu Jianxing for his support to the project, to Zhang Liyan for her research assistance, and to Andrew Podger for comments on an initial draft.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

    Ting Guan

  2. Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, China Studies, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Jørgen Delman

Authors
  1. Ting Guan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jørgen Delman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jørgen Delman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

    Jianxing Yu

  2. Department of Political Science, and Center for US-China Policy Studies, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Sujian Guo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Guan, T., Delman, J. (2019). Energy Policy Design and China’s Local Climate Governance: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Policies in Hangzhou. In: Yu, J., Guo, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Local Governance in Contemporary China. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2799-5_32

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation