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Bioclimatic Approach: Thermal Environment

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Office Buildings

Part of the book series: Design Science and Innovation ((DSI))

Abstract

A sustainable building design seeks to accommodate the elements of bioclimatic perspectives, namely to make the building eco-friendly, focusing on human-friendliness, and energy-friendly to achieve energy efficiency and energy conservation. This chapter brings together the facets of bioclimate, about evaluating thermal comfort of building occupants. Review of human thermal indices, and its derivations, such as (a) direct indices referring to primarily climatic parameters, (b) rational indices, based on the analysis of human heat balance, and (c) thermal perception indices may be useful in making warmth assessment for the indoor and outdoor environment. There are two distinct approaches of thermal comfort assessment, such as the steady-state and non-steady-state methods. The former deals with heat transfer avenues based on thermophysiological models and standards, and the later considers adaptive thermal comfort, aiming at real-world dynamic environmental situations. In evaluating the building microclimate, environmental, and analytical modelling tools (such as RayMan, SOLWEIG, BOTworld, ENVI-met) are widely practiced. In hot climates, the urban heat island phenomenon exemplifies the potential risk of inhabitants to heat exposure-related morbidity and mortality. Research studies explore the effectiveness of heat island countermeasures, such as use of evaporative cooling from ground-level ponds, roof ponds, surfaces wetted by wind-driven rain, green roof, controlling solar gains by applying high-albedo materials at horizontal surfaces, strategic trees and vegetation covers, cool pavements around buildings.

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  1. School of Environment and Disaster Management, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Pranab Kumar Nag

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Nag, P.K. (2019). Bioclimatic Approach: Thermal Environment. In: Office Buildings. Design Science and Innovation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2577-9_9

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