Abstract
Nearly 600 tools and dimensions are available in evaluating building sustainability and lifecycle phases of buildings. A global set of benchmark parameters would be unanimously agreed upon in establishing a unified building rating, with due account of national and regional characteristics, climatic and environmental conditions, sociocultural structure, and building stocks in the region. This chapter peeps through the building environmental assessment tools, structural content, and parameters for different building typologies, approaches in the evaluation and accreditation, and summarization indicators of assessment. Most rating schemes seem to adopt a similar approach and categories of assessment. However, they differ regarding the framework, weights, scoring methods (e.g., point-based or weighted approach) and procedure of performance evaluations. Different scores of the categories yield the total final score, and accordingly, buildings can be certified (four levels in LEED certification, i.e., certified, silver, gold, and platinum; six levels in BREEAM certification, i.e., unclassified, pass, good, very good, excellent, and outstanding). Many popular systems, such as BREEAM, HQE, DGNB, TQB, conform to guidelines of the CEN/TC 350 that included quantifiable environmental and social indicators of sustainability assessment. Keeping in mind that the professionals would require orientation on components of the assessment scheme, quantitative valuation of a building project using BREEAM and LEED is extensively discussed herewith for easy understanding and implementation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Berardi, U. (2012). Sustainability assessment in the construction sector: rating systems and rated buildings. Sustainable Development, 20(6), 411–424.
BRE (2004). Assessment of sustainability tools. BRE, Glasgow.
BRE (2008). A discussion document comparing international environmental assessment methods for buildings. BRE, Glasgow.
BREEAM (2014, 2016). Building research establishment environmental assessment method, developed by BRE (UK). http://www.breeam.org.
CASBEE (2014, 2016). Comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency. Japan Sustainable Building Consortium. http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE/english/.
CASBEE for New Construction Technical Manual, March 2004 Edition and Software CD 2004, 2006. http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE/english/.
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation) technical committee, CEN/TC 350, Sustainability of construction works.
Dermisi, S. (2009). Effect of LEED ratings and levels on office property assessed and market values. Journal of Sustainable Real Estate, 1(1), 23–47.
DGNB (2009). German sustainable building certificate: Structure—application—criteria. Stuttgart, 2nd English Edition, http://www.dgnb.de/.
DGNB (2016). http://www.dgnb-system.de/en/.
Dixon, T., Colantonio, A., Shiers, D., Reed, R., Wilkinson, S., & Gallimore, P. (2008). A green profession? A global survey of RICS members and their engagement with the sustainability agenda. Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 26(6), 460–481.
Dodoa, Y. A., Nafida, R., Zakarib, A., Elnafatya, A. S., Nyakumac, B. B., & Bashira, F. M. (2015). Attaining points for certification of green building through choice of paint. Chemical Engineering, 45, 1879–1884.
EN 15643-1 (2010). Sustainability of construction works—Sustainability assessment of buildings—Part 1: General framework. European Committee for Standardization.
EN 15643-2 (2011). Sustainability of construction works—Assessment of buildings—Part 2: Framework for the assessment of environmental performance. European Committee for Standardization.
EN 15643-3 (2012). Sustainability of construction works—Assessment of buildings—Part 3: Framework for the assessment of social performance. European Committee for Standardization.
EN 15643-4 (2012). Sustainability of construction works—Assessment of buildings—Part 4: Framework for the assessment of economic performance. European Committee for Standardization.
EN 15978 (2011). Sustainability of construction works—Assessment of environmental performance of buildings—calculation Method. European Committee for Standardization.
EN 16309 + A1 (2014). Sustainability of construction works—Assessment of social performance of buildings—Calculation methodology. European Committee for Standardization.
EU Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast). Official Journal of the European Union; 18 June 2010.
EU, EPBD (2002). Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings.
Fuerst, F., & McAllister, P. (2011). Eco-labeling in commercial office markets: Do LEED and Energy Star offices obtain multiple premiums? Ecological Economics, 70(6), 1220–1230.
Giama, E., & Papadopoulos, A. M. (2016). Construction materials and green buildings’ certification. Key Engineering Materials, 666, 89–96.
Haapio, A., & Viitaniemi, P. (2008). A critical review of building environmental assessment tools. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 28(7), 469–482.
Happio, A. (2012). Towards sustainable urban communities. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 32, 165–169.
HQE (Haute Qualité Environnementale)—France, http://assohqe.org/hqe/ 2005, by CSTB (Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment).
IEA Annex (2001). 31, Directory of Tools: A Survey of LCA Tools, Assessment Frameworks, Rating Systems, Technical Guidelines, Catalogues, Checklists and Certificates. Energy-Related Environ. Impact Build. http://annex31.wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de/pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20%20Annex%2031%20Directory%20of%20Tools%20by%20Country%20and%20.pdf.
ISO 15392:2008. Sustainability in building construction—General principles. International Standards Organization, Geneva.
ISO 16745-1:2017. Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works—Carbon metric of an existing building during use stage—Part 1: Calculation, reporting and communication. International Standards Organization, Geneva.
ISO 21929-1:2011. Sustainability in building construction—Sustainability indicators—Part 1: Framework for the development of indicators and a core set of indicators for buildings. International Standards Organization, Geneva.
ISO 21930:2017. Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works—Core rules for environmental product declarations of construction products and services. International Standards Organization, Geneva.
ISO 21931-1:2010. Sustainability in building construction—Framework for methods of assessment of the environmental performance of construction works—Part 1: Buildings. International Standards Organization, Geneva.
ISO/DIS 21931-2. Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works—Framework for methods of assessment of the sustainability performance of construction works—Part 2: Civil engineering works. International Standards Organization, Geneva.
ISO/TC 59/SC 17. Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works. International Standards Organization, Geneva.
ISO/TS 12720:2014. Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works—Guidelines on the application of the general principles in ISO 15392. International Standards Organization, Geneva.
ISO/TS 21929-2:2015. Sustainability in building construction—Sustainability indicators—Part 2: Framework for the development of indicators for civil engineering works. International Standards Organization, Geneva.
Johansson, O. (2012). The spatial diffusion of green building technologies: the case of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) in the United States. International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 10(3), 251–266.
Kok, N., Miller, N., & Morris, P. (2012). The economics of green retrofits. Journal of Sustainable Real Estate, 4(1), 4–22.
Lee, Y. S. (2010). Office layout affecting privacy, interaction, and acoustic quality in LEED-certified buildings. Building and Environment, 45(7), 1594–1600.
Lee, Y. S., & Guerin, D. A. (2009). Indoor environmental quality related to occupant satisfaction and performance in LEED-certified buildings. Indoor and Built Environment, 18(4), 293–300.
Lee, Y. S., & Kim, S. K. (2008). Indoor environmental quality in LEED-certified buildings in the US. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 7(2), 293–300.
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), LEED Version 4 (updated 2016). http://www.usgbc.org/leed.
Nguyen, B. K., & Altan, H. (2011). Comparative review of five sustainable rating systems. Procedia Engineering, 21, 376–386.
Preston, D. K. (2008). New report shows economic value of green building certification. http://www.jetsongreen.com/2008/06/new-report-show.html.
Reed, R., Bilos, A., Wilkinson, S. J., & Schulte, K. W. (2009). An International Comparison of International Sustainable Building Tools (No. eres2009_331). European Real Estate Society (ERES).
Reed, R., Wilkinson, S., Bilos, A., & Schulte, K. W. (2011). A comparison of international sustainable building tools–an update. In The 17th Annual Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference, Gold Coast (pp. 16–19).
Sato, M., Arai, Y., Ikaga, T., Chikada, T., Mamiya, T., Kato, M. (2005). Study of resource sustainability assessment for building—part 1. In Outline of LCA system with LCR and LCW assessment. In Proceedings of the. (2005). Sustainable Building Conference (SB05). Japan: Tokyo.
Sato, M., Ikaga, T., & Chikada, T. (2006). Outline of Resource Sustainability Assessment Function of LCA tool developed by Architectural Institute of Japan.
Srebric, J., & Heidarinejad, M. (2015). Sustainability in the built environment. In Science for Sustainable Construction and Manufacturing Workshop Volume I. Position Papers and Findings (p. 212).
Sustainable Building Alliance (http://www.sballiance.org).
TQB (Total Quality Building), Austria, 2002/2010; http://www.oegnb.net;
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). 2006. http://www.usgbc.org/
Wei, W., Ramalho, O., & Mandin, C. (2015). Indoor air quality requirements in green building certifications. Building and Environment, 92, 10–19.
Wu, Z., Shen, L., Yu, A. T. W., & Zhang, X. (2016). A comparative analysis of waste management requirements between five green building rating systems for new residential buildings. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 895–902.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nag, P.K. (2019). Building Sustainability: Credit Rating Criteria. In: Office Buildings. Design Science and Innovation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2577-9_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2577-9_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2576-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2577-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)