Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lighting Systems

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Office Buildings

Part of the book series: Design Science and Innovation ((DSI))

  • 1746 Accesses

Abstract

Selection of the lighting system, namely general lighting, directional lighting , localized, and local lighting, is to make the task area illuminated as uniformly as possible. This chapter describes the factors involved in the selection of light sources, including incandescent lamps, fluorescent/high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diodes, used in offices and commercial establishments. Details include the type of lamp, power consumption, luminous flux and efficacy, light colour, colour rendering, and base of the lamp. There are issues with lighting controls, such as localized manual controls, time controls , occupancy controls, movement about a building , photoelectric switching, dimming controls, and emergency lightings. The chapter includes a multitude of lighting-related standards that are categorized as lighting energy , lighting design , indoor lighting , workplace-specific lighting, emergency lighting , outdoor lighting , and lighting standards for industries. The chapter compiles energy and lighting software (such as DOE-2 , EnergyPlus , DeST ), which have been practiced to predict daylighting, electrical lighting performance, energy simulation, thermal performance of buildings, design energy efficient building envelopes and HVAC systems and depict compliance of building energy codes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • ADELINE, Advanced Day and Electric Light New Environment (version 2.0), http://radsite.lbl.gov/adeline/home.htm.

  • AGi32. (2012). Lighting Analysts, V2.3. www.agi32.com.

  • Aldawoud, A. (2013). The influence of the atrium geometry on the building energy performance. Energy and Buildings, 57, 1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ANSI/ASHRAE 140-2007. Standard method of test for the evaluation of building energy analysis computer programs. Atlanta, USA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.

    Google Scholar 

  • ANSI/IES/ASHRAE (2007/2010/2013/2016). 90.1-2016 (I-P)—Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings; Atlanta. http://www.ashrae.org.

  • ANSI/IESNA RP-1-12: Office Lighting.

    Google Scholar 

  • ANSI/IESNA RP-29-06: Lighting for Hospitals and Health Care Facilities.

    Google Scholar 

  • ANSI/IESNA RP-3-13: American National Standard Practice on Lighting for Educational Facilities.

    Google Scholar 

  • ANSI/IES-RP-28-16: (2007/2016) Lighting and the Visual Environment for Senior Living.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS 1680.2.0—1990, Interior lighting, Part 2.0—Recommendations for specific tasks and interiors.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS 4934.2-2011. Incandescent lamps for general lighting services—Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) requirements.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 1680.0:2009. Interior lighting—Safe movement.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 1680.1:2006. Interior and workplace lighting—General principles and recommendations.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 1680.2.1:2008. Interior and workplace lighting—Specific applications—Circulation spaces and other general areas.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 1680.2.2:2008. Interior and workplace lighting—Specific applications—Office and screen-based tasks.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 1680.2.3:2008. Interior and workplace lighting—Specific applications—Educational and training facilities.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 1680.2.4:1997. Interior lighting—Industrial tasks and processes.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 1680.5:2012. Interior and workplace lighting—Outdoor workplace lighting.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 2293.1:1998. Emergency evacuation lighting for buildings—System design, installation and operation.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 2293.2:1995. Emergency evacuation lighting for buildings—Inspection and maintenance.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 2293.3:1995. Emergency evacuation lighting for buildings—Emergency luminaires and exit signs.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 4282-1997. Control of the obtrusive effects of outdoor lighting.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 4783.1:2001 (R2013). Performance of electrical lighting equipment ballasts for fluorescent lamps—Method of measurement to determine energy consumption and performance of ballasts lamp circuits.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 4783.2:2002 (R2013). Performance of electrical lighting equipment Ballasts for fluorescent lamps—Energy labelling and minimum energy performance.

    Google Scholar 

  • AS/NZS 4847.1:2010. Self ballasted lamps for general lighting services—Test methods—Energy performance.

    Google Scholar 

  • ASAE EP344.4:2014: Lighting Systems for Agricultural Facilities.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, N., Fanchiotti, A., & Steemers, K. (1993). Daylighing in architecture—a European reference book. Commission of the European Communities, Directorate–General XII for Science Research and Development. Research and Development, James & James Ltd, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhavani, R. G., & Khan, M. A. (2011). Advanced lighting simulation tools for daylighting purpose: powerful features and related issues. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 6(4), 345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BLAST. (1991). BLAST user reference (Vols. 1, 2). Urbana, USA: University of Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodart, M., & De Herde, A. (2002). Global energy savings in offices buildings by the use of daylighting. Energy and Buildings, 34(5), 421–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, P. R., Veitch, J. A., Newsham, G. R., Jones, C. C., Heerwagen, J., Myer, M., et al. (2006a). Occupant use of switching and dimming controls in offices. Lighting Research & Technology, 38(4), 358–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, P. R., Veitch, J. A., Newsham, G. R., Jones, C. C., Heerwagen, J., Myer, M., et al. (2006b). Lighting quality and office work: Two field simulation experiments. Lighting Research & Technology, 38(3), 191–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BS 5266-1:2016, Emergency lighting. Code of practice for the emergency lighting of premises.

    Google Scholar 

  • BS 5266-2:1998: Emergency lighting. Code of practice for electrical low mounted way guidance systems for emergency use.

    Google Scholar 

  • BS 5266-4:1999: Emergency lighting. Code of practice for design, installation, maintenance and use of optical fibre systems.

    Google Scholar 

  • BS 5266-5:1999: Emergency lighting. Specification for component parts of optical fibre systems.

    Google Scholar 

  • BS 5266-6:1999: Emergency lighting. Code of practice for non-electrical low mounted way guidance systems for emergency use. Photo luminescent systems.

    Google Scholar 

  • BS 8206-2:2008: Lighting for buildings. Code of practice for daylighting.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., Gu, L., & Zhang, J. (2015). EnergyPlus and CHAMPS-Multizone co-simulation for energy and indoor air quality analysis. Building Simulation, 8(4), 371–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • China: GB 50034-2004 Standard for lighting design of buildings.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIE 097:2005: Maintenance of Indoor Electric Lighting Systems, 2nd Edition, Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, ISBN: 9783901906459.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIE 161:2004, Lighting Design Methods for Obstructed Interiors, Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, ISBN: 9783901906329.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIE 184:2009, Indoor Daylight Illuminants, Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, ISBN: 9783901906749.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIE S 004/E-2001: Colours of Light Signals. Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIE S 008/E: 2001/ISO 8995-1:2002, Lighting of Work Places—Part 1: Indoor; Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIE/IEC 62471:2006/CIE S 009:2002: Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daysim, Advanced Daylight Simulation Software, http://daysim.ning.com/.

  • DIALux (2012, V 4.10); DIAL GmbH. www.dial.de.

  • Doulos, L., Tsangrassoulis, A., & Topalis, F. (2008). Quantifying energy savings in daylight responsive systems: The role of dimming electronic ballasts. Energy and Buildings, 40(1), 36–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EC, Regulation 244/2009, March 18th, 2009 implementing Directive 2005/32/EC, regarding eco-design requirements for non-directional household lamps.

    Google Scholar 

  • EC, Regulation 245/2009, March 18th, 2009 implementing Directive 2005/32/EC, regarding eco-design requirements for fluorescent lamps without integrated ballast, for high intensity discharge lamps, and for ballasts and luminaires able to operate such lamps, and repealing Directive 2000/55/EC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elum Tools. (July 2012, V 2013 R1). Lighting Analysts. www.elumtools.com.

  • EN 12464-1: 2002/2011, Light and lighting—Lighting of work places—Part 1: Indoor work places, European Committee for Standardization, Bruxelles.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 12464-2:2014: Light and lighting. Lighting of work places. Outdoor work places. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 15193-1: 2007: Energy performance of buildings—Energy requirements for lighting, Part 1: Lighting energy estimation. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 15251 (2007). Indoor Environmental Input Parameters for Design and Assessment of Energy Performance of Buildings — Addressing Indoor Air Quality, Thermal Environment, Lighting and Acoustics, CEN, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 1838-2013: Lighting applications. Emergency lighting. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 40-3-1:2013: Lighting columns. Design and verification. Specification for characteristic loads. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 40-3-2:2013: Lighting columns. Design and verification. Verification by testing. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 40-3-3:2013: Lighting columns. Design and verification. Verification by calculation. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 50172-2004: Emergency escape lighting systems. European Committee for Standardization.

    Google Scholar 

  • EnergyGauge Summit, ver. 6.0.00, 2017. http://www.energygauge.com.

  • EnergyPlus, ver. 8.6.0, 2016. U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Building Technologies Office; managed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).

    Google Scholar 

  • EnergyPro, ver. 7.2.2, 2018. http://www.energysoft.com.

  • eQUEST (the QUick Energy Simulation Tool), Ver. 3.65, 2016. http://www.doe2.com/equest/.

  • Erhorn, H., De Boer, J., & Dirksmöller, M. (1997). ADELINE–An integrated approach to lighting simulation. Proceedings of IBPSA Building Simulation’97, 1, 79-85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galasiu, A. D., Newsham, G. R., Suvagau, C., & Sander, D. M. (2007). Energy saving lighting control systems for open-plan offices: a field study. Leukos, 4(1), 7–29. (online, 2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grather M. (2009). The evaluation of flicker in LED luminaires. http://www.cormusa.org/uploads/CORM 2009—The Evaluation of Flicker in LED luminaires Grather.pdf.

  • ICEL 1006:2013, Emergency Lighting Design Guide.

    Google Scholar 

  • IEC 60598-2-22:2014, Luminaires—Part 2-22: Particular requirements—Luminaires for emergency lighting.

    Google Scholar 

  • IES DG-10-12, Design Guide for Choosing Light Sources for General Lighting.

    Google Scholar 

  • IES DG-18-08, Light + Design—A Guide to Designing Quality Lighting for People and Buildings.

    Google Scholar 

  • IES LEM-3-13, IES Guidelines for Upgrading Lighting Systems in Commercial and Institutional Spaces.

    Google Scholar 

  • IES RP-6-15, Sports and Recreational Area Lighting.

    Google Scholar 

  • IES TM-15-11, Luminaire Classification System for Outdoor Luminaires.

    Google Scholar 

  • IES/NALMCO RP-36-15, Recommended Practice for Lighting Maintenance.

    Google Scholar 

  • IESNA G-1-03, Guideline on Security Lighting for People, Property, and Public Spaces. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.

    Google Scholar 

  • IESNA. (1997). 1997 IESNA Software Survey. Lighting design + application (Vol. 11, No. 7, pp. 41–50). Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.

    Google Scholar 

  • India: IS 3646 (Part 1):1992, Code of practice for interior illumination: Part 1 General requirements and recommendations for working interiors.

    Google Scholar 

  • India: Bureau of Indian Standards, NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA (NBC 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • India: National Building Code (NBC 2005), Part 8, Section 1, Lighting and Ventilation.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 11664-2: 2008(E)/CIE S 014-2/E: 2006 Colorimetry—Part 2: CIE standard illuminants.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 30061-2007(E)/CIE S 020/E-2007: Emergency Lighting.

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 8995-3:2006(E)/CIE S 016/E:2005. Lighting of Work Places—Part 3: Lighting Requirements for Safety and Security of Outdoor Work Places.

    Google Scholar 

  • Japan: JIES-008 (1999)—Indoor Lighting Standard.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson W. G., & Shakespeare, R. (1998). Rendering with radiance: The art and science of lighting visualization. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, D. H., & Wong, S. L. (2007). Daylighting and energy implications due to shading effects from nearby buildings. Applied Energy, 84(12), 1199–1209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, D. H., Lam, J. C., & Wong, S. L. (2005). Daylighting and its effects on peak load determination. Energy, 30(10), 1817–1831.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Licaso, Lighting Analysts. https://lightinganalysts.com/licaso/.

  • LightScape, Lightscape Technologies, Inc., San Jose, CA. www.lightscape.com.

  • Lumen Micro V7.5. (1998), Lighting Technologies Inc., Boulder, CO. www.lightingtechnologies.com.

  • Mitchell, W. J. (1992). The reconfigured eye, visual truth in the post-photographic era. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • NEMA LE 6-2014, Procedure for determining target efficacy ratings for commercial, industrial, and residential luminaires.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochoa, C. E., Aries, M. B., & Hensen, J. L. (2012). State of the art in lighting simulation for building science: A literature review. Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 5(4), 209–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Optis. www.optis-world.com.

  • OptiWin (2009, V 2008.3). www.glamox-international.com.

  • Paule, B., Scartezzini, J. L., & Citherlet, S. (1998). LESO-DIAL Daylighting Design Software. In Proceedings of the International Daylighting Conference, 1998 Ottawa, (pp. 29–36).

    Google Scholar 

  • Philips. (2014). Philips gives workers smartphone control of office lighting with ground breaking connected lighting system. http://www.newscenter.philips.com/main/standard/news/press/2014/20140327-Philips-gives-workers-smartphone-control-of-office-lighting-with-groundbreaking-connected-lighting-system.wpd#.U7-oyxOXIV.

  • Radiance. (2011, V 4.1). Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. www.radsite.lbl.gov.

  • Reinhart, C. F. (2006). Tutorial on the use of DAYSIM simulations for sustainable design. Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council Canada. Ottawa (Ont.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Relux. (2012, V 2). Relux Informatik AG. www.relux.biz.

  • Russia: SNiP 23-05-95, Russian Federation Construction Standards and Rules: Daylight and Artificial Lighting (1995). Published in Light & Engineering (Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 1–28). New York: Allerton Press, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • SAE ARP 1161A-2004, Crew Station Lighting—Commercial Aircraft.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shailesh, K. R., & Tuneja, R. S. (2010). Application of RELUX software in simulation and analysis of energy efficient lighting scheme. International Journal of Computer Applications, 9(7), 24–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • South Africa. SANS 10114-1, 2005, Code of Practice for Interior Lighting.

    Google Scholar 

  • SuperLite IEA 1.0, IEA Task 21, SuperLite, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

    Google Scholar 

  • USA: NECA/ANSI 409-2015, Standard for Installing and Maintaining Dry-Type Transformers.

    Google Scholar 

  • USA: NECA/IESNA 501-2006, Standard for Installing Exterior Lighting Systems (ANSI); (outdoor applications on and near commercial, institutional, industrial, and storage buildings).

    Google Scholar 

  • USA: NECA/IESNA 502-2006, Standard for Installing Industrial Lighting Systems (ANSI); (industrial and storage buildings).

    Google Scholar 

  • Visual. (2016). Acuity Brands Lighting. www.acuitybrandslighting.com.

  • VisualDOE. (2004). VisualDOE 4.0 User Manual, March, 2004. Architectural Energy Corporation, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, D., Xia, J., Tang, W., Song, F., Zhang, X., & Jiang, Y. (2008). DeST—An integrated building simulation toolkit Part I: Fundamentals. Building Simulation, 1, 95–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, I. H., & Nam, E. J. (2010). Economic analysis of the daylight-linked lighting control system in office buildings. Solar Energy, 84(8), 1513–1525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yi, R., Shao, L., Su, Y., & Riffat, S. (2009). Daylighting performance of atriums in subtropical climate. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 4(4), 230–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, D., Hong, T., Yan, D., & Wang, C. (2013). A detailed loads comparison of three building energy modeling programs: EnergyPlus, DeST and DOE-2.1 E. In Building simulation (Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 323–335). Tsinghua University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environment and Disaster Management, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Pranab Kumar Nag

Authors
  1. Pranab Kumar Nag
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nag, P.K. (2019). Lighting Systems. In: Office Buildings. Design Science and Innovation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2577-9_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2577-9_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2576-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2577-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation