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Role of Oxidative Stress in Alcoholic/Non-Alcoholic Liver Diseases

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Alcoholic/Non-Alcoholic Digestive Diseases

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Abstract

Oxidative stress is the shift in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in inducing oxidative stress. Mitochondria are the main site of cellular ROS production, and simultaneously have a well-organized antioxidant system. Therefore, mitochondria have evolved multiple systems of quality control to ensure that the requisite number of functional mitochondria is present to meet the demands of the cell. The liver also is the major iron storage organ in the body and therefore mild to moderate degrees of hepatic iron accumulation are sometimes involved in chronic liver diseases. Iron overload, especially excess divalent iron can be highly toxic, mainly via the Fenton reaction producing hydroxyl radicals. The liver is often a target of injury by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been shown to be present in alcoholic liver diseases, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and chronic hepatitis C to a greater degree than in other inflammatory liver diseases. This chapter highlights iron overload in the liver and mitochondrial ROS production through reduced mitochondrial quality control as important causative factors for inducing oxidative stress in chronic liver diseases, especially focusing on alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and chronic hepatitis C.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan

    Keisuke Hino

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  1. Keisuke Hino
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Correspondence to Keisuke Hino .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan

    Hitoshi Yoshiji

  2. Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan

    Kosuke Kaji

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Hino, K. (2019). Role of Oxidative Stress in Alcoholic/Non-Alcoholic Liver Diseases. In: Yoshiji, H., Kaji, K. (eds) Alcoholic/Non-Alcoholic Digestive Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1465-0_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1465-0_10

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  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-1465-0

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