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Mechanisms of Arsenic Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants pp 105–128Cite as

Plants Response and Tolerance to Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress

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Abstract

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid of global concern derived from natural, geothermal, and anthropogenic sources. Arsenic has deleterious effects in all forms of life including plants. Between the two inorganic forms, the highly oxidized pentavalent arsenate (AsV) is prevalent in the aerobic environment, while the highly reduced trivalent arsenite (AsIII) is the predominant form in an anaerobic environment. The main route of AsV uptake in plants is through the phosphate transporters, while AsIII and methylated As species enter through nodulin 26–like intrinsic protein (NIP) or aquaglyceroporins. After entering into the plant cell As can severely impede plant metabolism which leads to various physiological disorder. Subsequently, growth of the plants is subdued, and it results in delaying or restraining accrual of biomass and induces loss of fertility, yield, and fruit production. Exposure to inorganic As in plants promotes oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) during their conversion from AsV to AsIII. Plants have a well-organized antioxidant defense system to combat As stress. In plants, As intoxication triggers the activation of enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX); synthesis of nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as ascorbate and γ-Glu-Cys-Gly-tripeptide glutathione (GSH); and accumulation of anthocyanin in the leaves. As tolerance in plants is achieved by the production of phytochelatin following As exposure which is derived from GSH. This chapter aims to provide current updates about the molecular mechanism involved in uptake of the inorganic and organic species of As, their translocation, and the As-induced stress in plants with a special emphasis on oxidative stress.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal, India

    Anindita Mitra

  2. Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Tezpur, Assam, India

    Soumya Chatterjee

  3. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Radioökologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Hannover, Germany

    Dharmendra K. Gupta

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  1. Anindita Mitra
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  1. Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

  2. Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Kamrun Nahar

  3. Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan

    Masayuki Fujita

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Mitra, A., Chatterjee, S., Gupta, D.K. (2018). Plants Response and Tolerance to Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Fujita, M. (eds) Mechanisms of Arsenic Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1292-2_5

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