Abstract
The lumbosacral spine consists of 5 vertebrae in the lumbar spine, 5 vertebrae which are fused to form the sacrum and the coccyx which is a fusion of 3–5 vertebra. The lumbar spine also comprises of various supporting ligament which play an important role in the stability of spine.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Fujiwana A, Tarnai K, Yoshida H, Kurihashi A, Saotome K, An HS, Lim T-H. Anatomy of the iliolumbar ligament. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;380:167–72.
Aihara T, Takahashi K, Yamagata M, Moriya H, Shimada Y. Does the iliolumbar ligament prevent anterior displacement of the fifth lumbar vertebra with defects of the pars? J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2000;82:846–50.
Hoppenfeld S. Physical examination of the spine and extremities. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1976.
Butler DA. Mobilisation of the nervous system. Melbourne: Churchill Livingstone; 1991.
Hall T, Hepburn M, Elvey RL. The effect of lumbosacral posture on a modification of the straight leg raise test. Physiotherapy. 1993;79:566–70.
Spengler DM. Low back pain: assessment ar1d management. Orlando, Florida: Grune & Stratton; 1982.
Scham SM, Taylor TKF. Tension signs in lumbar disc prolapse. Clin Orthop. 1971;75:195–204.
Woodhall R, Hayes GJ. The well-leg-raising test of Fajersztajn in the diagnosis of ruptured lumbar intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1950;32:786–92.
Macnab I. Backache. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1977.
Cram RH. A sign of sciatic nerve root pressure. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 1953;35:192–5.
Herron LD, Pheasant HC. Prone knee-flexion provocative testing for lumbar disc protrusion. Spine. 1980;5:65–7.
Postacchini F, Cinotti G, Gumina S. The knee flexion test: a new test for lumbosacral root tension. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 1993;75:834–5.
Maitland GD. The slump test: examination and treatment. Aust J Physiother. 1985;31:215–9.
Philip K, Lew P, Matyas TA. The inter-therapist reliability of the slump test. Aust J Physiother. 1989;35:89–94.
Maitland GD. Negative disc exploration: positive canal signs. Aust J Physiother. 1979;25:129–34.
Fidel C, Martin E, Dankaerts W, Allison G, Hall T. Cervical spine sensitizing maneuvers during the slump test. J Man Manip Ther. 1996;4:16–21.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dhatt, S.S., Siva Swaminathan, S. (2019). Examination of Lumbar Spine. In: Dhatt, S., Prabhakar, S. (eds) Handbook of Clinical Examination in Orthopedics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1235-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1235-9_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-1234-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-1235-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)