Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Micropenis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Sexual Medicine

  • 1082 Accesses

Abstract

One of the most commonly encountered problems in the practice of sexual medicine has been the serious concern men frequently have about penis size starting from puberty to adulthood. Men are extremely anxious about their penile length [1]. The penis is credited with the dual function of coitus and micturition. In biology, the ability to transfer sperms denotes maleness of an organism. To a man, no matter what his socioeconomic status is, the size of the penis always matters [2].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Van Seters AP, Slob AK. Mutually gratifying heterosexual relationship with micropenis of husband. J Sex Marital Ther. 1988;14(2):98–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lever J, Frederick DA, Peplau LA. Does size matter? Men’s and women’s views on penis size across the lifespan. Psychol Men Masculinity. 2006;7(3):129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wylie KR, Eardley I. Penile size and the ‘small penis syndrome’. BJU Int. 2007;99(6):1449–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Talalaj J. The strangest human sex, ceremonies and customs. Melbourne: Hill of Content Publishing Company Pty Ltd; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Schonfeld WA, Beebe GW. Normal growth and variation in the male genitalia from birth to maturity. J Urol. 1942;48(6):759–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Aaronson IA. Micropenis: medical and surgical implications. J Urol. 1994;152:4–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Nelson CP, Park JM, Wan J, Bloom DA, Dunn RL, Wei JT. The increasing incidence of congenital penile anomalies in the United States. J Urol. 2005;174(4):1573–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Johnson P, Maxwell D. Fetal penile length. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000;15:308–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Zalel Y, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Lipitz S, Mashiach S, Achiron R. The development of the fetal penis-an in utero sonographic evaluation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001;17:129–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Evans BA, Williams DM, Hughes IA. Normal postnatal androgen production and action in isolated micropenis and isolated hypospadias. Arch Dis Child. 1991;66:1033–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hatipoğlu N, Kurtoğlu S. Micropenis: etiology, diagnosis and treatment approaches. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2013;5(4):217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ludwig G. Micropenis and apparent micropenis—a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Andrologia. 1999;31(S1):27–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Tsang S. When size matters: a clinical review of pathological micropenis. J Pediatr Health Care. 2010;24(4):231–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kayes O, Shabbir M, Ralph D, Minhas S. Therapeutic strategies for patients with micropenis or penile dysmorphic disorder. Nat Rev Urol. 2012;9(9):499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ozbey H, Temiz A, Salman T. A simple method for measuring penile length in newborns and infants. BJU Int. 1999;84:1093–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bergeson PS, Hopkin RJ, Bailey RB, MCGill LC, Piatt JP. The inconspicuous penis. Pediatrics. 1993;92(6):794–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Wollin M, Duffy PG, Malone PS, Ransley PG. Buried penis. A novel approach. BJU Int. 1990;65(1):97–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Palmer JS, Elder JS, Palmer LS. The use of betamethasone to manage the trapped penis following neonatal circumcision. J Urol. 2005;174(4):1577–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Menon PS, Khatwa UA. The child with micropenis. Indian J Pediatr. 2000;67(6):455.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Sultan C, Paris F, Jeandel C, Lumbroso S, Galifer RB. Ambiguous genitalia in the newborn. Semin Reprod Med. 2002;20:181–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. McEachern R, Houle AM, Garel L, Van Vliet G. Lost and found testes: the importance of the hCG stimulation test and other testicular markers to confirm a surgical declaration of anorchia. Horm Res Paediatr. 2004;62(3):124–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Shamloul R. Treatment of men complaining of short penis. Urology. 2005;65:1183–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Burstein S, Grumbach MM, Kaplan SL. Early determination of androgen-responsiveness is important in the management of microphallus. Lancet. 1979;2:983–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Guthrie RD, Smith DW, Graham CB. Testosterone treatment for micropenis during early childhood. J Pediatr. 1973;83:247–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Main KM, Schmidt IM, Skakkebaek NE. A possible role for reproductive hormones in newborn boys: progressive hypogonadism without the postnatal testosterone peak. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:4905–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bin-Abbas B, Conte FA, Grumbach MM, Kaplan SL. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and micropenis: effect of testosterone treatment on adult penile size why sex reversal is not indicated. J Pediatr. 1999;134:579–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Borsellino A, Spagnoli A, Vallasciani S, Martini L, Ferro F. Surgical approach to concealed penis: technical refinements and outcome. Urology. 2007;69:1195–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Arisaka O, Hoshi M, Kanazawa S, Nakajima D, Numata M, Nishikura K, Oyama M, Nitta A, Kuribayashi T, Kano K, Nakayama Y, Yamashiro Y. Systemic effects of transdermal testosterone for the treatment of microphallus in children. Pediatr Int. 2001;43:134–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Baskin LS, Sutherland RS, DiSandro MJ, Hayward SW, Lipschutz J, Cunha GR. The effect of testosterone on androgen receptors and human penile growth. J Urol. 1997;158:1113–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bertelloni S, Scaramuzzo RT, Parrini D, Baldinotti F, Tumini S, Ghirri P. Early diagnosis of 5alpha-reductase deficiency in newborns. Sex Dev. 2007;1:147–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kaya C, Bektic J, Radmayr C, Schwentner C, Bartsch G, Oswald J. The efficacy of dihydrotestosterone transdermal gel before primary hypospadias surgery: a prospective, controlled, randomized study. J Urol. 2008;179:684–8. Epub 2007 Dec 20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Han TS, Bouloux PM. What is the optimal therapy for young males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism? Clin Endocrinol. 2010;72(6):731–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hinman F Jr. Microphallus: characteristics and choice of treatment from a study of 20 cases. J Urol. 1972;107:499–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Babaei A, Safarinejad MR, Farrokhi F, Iran-Pour E. Penile reconstruction: evaluation of the most accepted techniques. Urol J. 2010;7:71–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Monstrey S, Hoebeke P, Selvaggi G, Ceulemans P, Van Landuyt K, Blondeel P, Hamdi M, Roche N, Weyers S, De Cuypere G. Penile reconstruction: is the radial forearm flap really the standard technique? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124:510–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Metromale Clinic and Fertility Center, No 1, Crescent Park Street, T-Nagar, Chennai, India

    Karthik Gunasekaran MS, FRCS (Glasgow), FECSM & Shah Dupesh Khan

Authors
  1. Karthik Gunasekaran MS, FRCS (Glasgow), FECSM
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shah Dupesh Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Metromale Clinic and Fertility Center, Chennai, India

    Karthik Gunasekaran

  2. The Metromale Clinic and Fertility Center, Chennai, India

    Shah Dupesh Khan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gunasekaran, K., Khan, S.D. (2019). Micropenis. In: Gunasekaran, K., Khan, S. (eds) Sexual Medicine . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1226-7_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1226-7_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-1225-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-1226-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation