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Functional Food and Human Health pp 119–142Cite as

Resveratrol: A Miracle Drug for Vascular Pathologies

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are multifactorial noncommunicable diseases that are responsible for most prominent health problems worldwide in the twenty-first century. The genetic factors, environmental factors, change in diet, lifestyle, lack of physical activities, stress, and high blood pressure are the key risk factors for CVDs, and diseases like diabetes also contribute to the progression of CVDs. Platelet aggregation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and imbalance in nitric oxide (NO) levels are the key events in cardiovascular pathologies that results in inflammation and oxidative stress that ultimately leads to death. To counteract the pathogenicity of CVDs, the use of phytochemicals is advancing as the conventional drugs have multiple side effects. Experimental demonstrations have showed that phytochemicals exhibit numerous cardioprotective properties with limited side effects. This chapter is focused on the use of resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene), a phytochemical well known for its cardioprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic properties in vitro and in vivo. Existing systemic studies revealed that resveratrol could target various signaling pathways associated with cell growth and proliferation, inflammation, and mitochondrial functioning by modulating PGC-1α and SIRT-1 activity and also improves remodeling in the heart by activating adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK). Resveratrol can act as an inhibitor of migration and proliferation of aortic vascular smooth muscle cell by decreasing the cross talk between an inducer of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and IL-18. Resveratrol improves the systolic performance of heart by regulating diastolic function and thus prevents heart failure risk. Scientific literature shows that the use of resveratrol as miracle drug for vascular pathogenesis can revamp cardiac health which will shed light on the path to make treatment strategies for medication of vascular-related disorders.

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Acknowledgment

S.U., K.B.G. acknowledges the financial support from ICMR (New Delhi). Rubal and S. Kaur acknowledges UGC (New Delhi) for RGNF-JRF. S. Kumar is supported by the CUPB institutional fellowship for PhD. AKM acknowledges the Alzheimer’s Association, USA (NIRG-11-203527), and M.D. acknowledges the DST (Fast-Track: (SB/YS/LS-107/2013). Because of the limited focus of the manuscript, many appropriate references could not be included, for which the authors apologize.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    Shishir Upadhyay & Anil K. Mantha

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    Kunj Bihari Gupta, Sukhchain Kaur,  Rubal, Sandeep Kumar & Monisha Dhiman

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  1. Shishir Upadhyay
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Correspondence to Monisha Dhiman .

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vibha Rani

  2. School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

    Umesh C. S. Yadav

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Upadhyay, S. et al. (2018). Resveratrol: A Miracle Drug for Vascular Pathologies. In: Rani, V., Yadav, U. (eds) Functional Food and Human Health. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1123-9_7

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