Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Functional Food and Human Health pp 623–653Cite as

Phytochemicals: An Alternate Approach Towards Various Disease Management

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

With the emergence of allopathic medicine system and the industrial revolution, the era of synthetic chemicals came into being which included medicines also. It reduced the load of cultivating and processing herbal medicines to get a larger amount of medicines with moderate effects in longer durations. It was gradually paralleled and later superseded by the use of purified or synthetic chemicals as drugs for treating various diseases including infections. The use of such molecules was a great success, and a revolution during world wars as the discoveries of antibiotics and their synthetic analogs took place. The use of these molecules continued and at later times became humongous as compared to traditional and herbal formulations. However, as is true with any other material, the overuse of these drugs started showing its negative aspects like side-effects, development of resistance etc. The problem specifically became huge with respect to antimicrobial compounds as the microbes started developing resistance towards all such molecules, while the problem of toxic side effects continued. The problem of drug resistance has been also observed in case of some diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. This made the drug development program rethink if we should reduce the use of the synthetic compounds and start exploring back if there are safer avenues available. Exploration and research on phytochemicals present in medicinal plants and functional foods, thus, came as a safer alternative. This chapter tries to explore the information about knowledge available about phytochemicals and recent developments in this area for finding newer and better antimicrobials, anticancerous and antidiabetics.

Both Vijay Nema and Neetu Mishra have equally contributed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Adams A, Kumar S, Clauson M, Sahi S (2011) Anti-yeast activities of Origanum oil against human pathogenic yeasts. Adv Biosci Biotechnol 2:103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ahmadipour F, Noordin MI, Mohan S, Arya A, Paydar M, Looi CY, Keong YS, Siyamak EN, Fani S, Firoozi M, Yong CL (2015) Koenimbin, a natural dietary compound of Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng: inhibition of MCF7 breast cancer cells and targeting of derived MCF7 breast cancer stem cells (CD44+/CD24−/low): an in vitro study. Drug Des Devel Ther 9:1193

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Ajabnoor MA, Tilmisany AK (1988) Effect of Trigonella foenum graceum on blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-diabetic mice. J Ethnopharmacol 22:45–49

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Akhani SP, Vishwakarma SL, Goyal RK (2004) Anti-diabetic activity of Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 56:101–105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Akindele AJ, Wani ZA, Sharma S, Mahajan G, Satti NK, Adeyemi OO, Mondhe DM, Saxena AK (2015) In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of root extracts of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy (Agavaceae). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Amber K, Aijaz A, Immaculata X, Luqman KA, Nikhat M (2010) Anticandidal effect of Ocimum sanctum essential oil and its synergy with fluconazole and ketoconazole. Phytomedicine 17:921–925

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. American Diabetes Association (2011) Standards of medical care in diabetes—2011. Diabetes Care 34:S11–S61

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Amin A, Gali-Muhtasib H, Ocker M, Schneider-Stock R (2009) Overview of major classes of plant-derived anticancer drugs. Int J Biomed Sci: IJBS 5:1

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Ansari M, Anurag A, Fatima Z, Hameed S (2013) Natural phenolic compounds: a potential antifungal agent. Microbiology 2:189–195

    Google Scholar 

  10. Antony M, James J, Misra CS, Sagadevan LD, Veettil AT, Thankamani V (2012) Anti mycobacterial activity of the plant extracts of Alstonia scholaris. Int J Curr Pharm Res 4:40–42

    Google Scholar 

  11. Arumugam G, Manjula P, Paari N (2013) A review: anti diabetic medicinal plants used for diabetes mellitus. J Acute Dis 2:196–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Arumugam G, Swamy MK, Sinniah UR (2016) Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng: botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and nutritional significance. Molecules 21(4):369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Arutselvi R, Balasaravanan T, Ponmurugan P, Suresh P, Ramachandran N (2012) Comparative studies of anti-microbial activity of turmeric and selected medicinal plant leaf extracts used in Indian traditional medicine. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 18:231–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bag P, Chattopadhyay D, Mukherjee H, Ojha D, Mandal N, Sarkar MC, Chatterjee T, Das G, Chakraborti S (2012) Anti-herpes virus activities of bioactive fraction and isolated pure constituent of Mallotus peltatus: an ethnomedicine from Andaman Islands. Virol J 9:98

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Bailly S, Maubon D, Fournier P, Pelloux H, Schwebel C, Chapuis C, Foroni L, Cornet M, Timsit JF (2016) Impact of antifungal prescription on relative distribution and susceptibility of Candida spp.—trends over 10 years. J Infect 72:103–111

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Baker JT, Borris RP, Carté B, Cordell GA, Soejarto DD, Cragg GM, Gupta MP, Iwu MM, Madulid DR, Tyler VE (1995) Natural product drug discovery and development: new perspectives on international collaboration. J Nat Prod 58:1325–1357

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Balamurugan R, Ignacimuthu S (2011) Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of methanol extract of Lippia nodiflora L. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 1:S30–S36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Banerjee J, Mishra N, Dhas Y (2015) Metagenomics: a new horizon in cancer research. Meta Gene 5:84–89

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Bashir SF, Gurumayum S, Kaur S (2015) In Vitro antimicrobial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of methanol, chloroform, and hot water extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale). In Vitro 8(1):176–180

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bathoorn E, Salazar NE, Sepehrkhouy S, Meijer M, de Cock H, Haas PJ (2013) Involvement of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus tubingensis in osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 13:59

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Birdi T, D’souza D, Tolani M, Daswani P, Nair V, Tetali P, Toro JC, Hoffner S (2012) Assessment of the activity of selected Indian medicinal plants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a preliminary screening using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay. Eur J Med Plant 2:308–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Boocock DJ, Faust GE, Patel KR, Schinas AM, Brown VA, Ducharme MP, Booth TD, Crowell JA, Perloff M, Gescher AJ, Steward WP (2007) Phase I dose escalation pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers of resveratrol, a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. Cancer Epidemiol Pre Biomark 16:1246–1252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bouddine L, Louaste B, Achahbar S, Chami N, Chami F, Remmal A (2012) Comparative study of the antifungal activity of some essential oils and their major phenolic components against Aspergillus niger using three different methods. Afr J Biotechnol 11:14083–14087

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bringmann G, Steinert C, Feineis D, Mudogo V, Betzin J, Scheller C (2016) HIV-inhibitory michellamine-type dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids from the Central African liana Ancistrocladus congolensis. Phytochemistry 128:71–81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Brüll F, Mensink RP, Plat J (2009) Plant sterols: functional lipids in immune function and inflammation? Clin Lipidol 4:355–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Cao Y, Huang S, Dai B, Zhu Z, Lu H, Dong L, Cao Y, Wang Y, Gao P, Chai Y, Jiang Y (2009) Candidaalbicans cells lacking CaMCA1-encoded metacaspase show resistance to oxidative stress-induced death and change in energy metabolism. Fungal Genet Biol 46:183–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Channabasappa HS, Shrinivas JD, Venkatrao KH (2015) Evaluation of antibacterial and Antitubercular activity of Cassia fistula Linn root. Int J Res Pharm Sci 6:82–84

    Google Scholar 

  28. Chaturvedi P, George S, Milinganyo M, Tripathi YB (2004) Effect of Momordica charantia on lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Phytother Res 18:954–956

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Chavan RD, Shinde P, Girkar K, Madage R, Chowdhary A (2016) Assessment of Anti-Influenza activity and hemagglutination inhibition of Plumbago indica and Allium sativum extracts. Pharm Res 8:105

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Choi KT (2008) Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax ginseng CA Meyer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 29:1109–1118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Chugh TD (2008) Emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases in India. J Biosci 33:549–555

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Cowan MM (1999) Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 12:564–582

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Dahiya P, Kamal R, Puri A, Saini G, Arora A (2012) Penicillinosis in a HIV-positive individual. Indian J Sex Trans Dis 33:38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. de Lira Mota KS, de Oliveira Pereira F, de Oliveira WA, Lima IO, de Oliveira Lima E (2012) Antifungal activity of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its constituent phytochemicals against Rhizopus oryzae: interaction with ergosterol. Molecules 17:14418–14433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. De Martel C, Ferlay J, Franceschi S, Vignat J, Bray F, Forman D, Plummer M (2012) Global burden of cancers attributable to infections in 2008: a review and synthetic analysis. Lancet Oncol 13(6):607–615

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. de Oliveira Lima I, Oliveira RD, de Oliveira Lima E, Farias NM, de Souza EL (2006) Atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais sobre espécies de Candida. Braz J Pharm 16:197–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. de Oliveira RB, Atobe JH, Souza SA, Santos DW (2014) Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome at a reference hospital for infectious diseases in Brazil. Mycopathologia 178:71–78

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Deepa AG, Nair BJ, Sivakumar TT, Joseph AP (2014) Uncommon opportunistic fungal infections of oral cavity: a review. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol: JOMFP 18:235

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Deesomchok A, Tanprawate S (2006) A 12-case series of Penicillium marneffei pneumonia. J Med Assoc Thail 89:441

    Google Scholar 

  40. Derksen A, Kühn J, Hafezi W, Sendker J, Ehrhardt C, Ludwig S, Hensel A (2016) Antiviral activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Eupatorium perfoliatum L. against the attachment of influenza a virus. J Ethnopharmacol 188:144–152

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Dwevedi A, Dwivedi R, Sharma YK (2016) Exploration of phytochemicals found in Terminalia sp. and their antiretroviral activities. Pharmacogn Rev 10:73

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Edeoga HO, Okwu DE, Mbaebie BO (2005) Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. Afr J Biotechnol 4:685–688

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. El-Alfy TS, Ezzat SM, Hegazy AK, Amer AM, Kamel GM (2011) Isolation of biologically active constituents from Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori.(family: Moringaceae) growing in Egypt. Pharmacogn Mag 7:109

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Faergemann J, Baran R (2003) Epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of onychomycosis. Br J Dermatol 149:1–4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Faria NC, Kim JH, Gonçalves LA, Martins MD, Chan KL, Campbell BC (2011) Enhanced activity of antifungal drugs using natural phenolics against yeast strains of Candida and Cryptococcus. Lett Appl Microbiol 52:506–513

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Fernández-Torres B, Cabanes FJ, Carrillo-Munoz AJ, Esteban A, Inza I, Abarca L, Guarro J (2002) Collaborative evaluation of optimal antifungal susceptibility testing conditions for dermatophytes. J Clin Microbiol 40:3999–4003

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Feshani AM, Kouhsari SM, Mohammadi S (2011) Vaccinium arctostaphylos, a common herbal medicine in Iran: molecular and biochemical study of its antidiabetic effects on alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol 133:67–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Fontenelle RO, Morais SM, Brito EH, Brilhante RS, Cordeiro RA, Lima YC, Brasil NV, Monteiro AJ, Sidrim JJ, Rocha MF (2011) Alkylphenol activity against Candida spp. and Microsporum canis: a focus on the antifungal activity of thymol, eugenol and O-methyl derivatives. Molecules 16(8):6422–6431

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Foster T (1996) Chapter 12: staphylococcus. In: Baron S (ed) Medical microbiology, 4th edn. University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston

    Google Scholar 

  50. Gahlawat DK, Jakhar S, Dahiya P (2014) Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng: an ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological review. J Pharm Phytochem 3:109–119

    Google Scholar 

  51. Gao L, Han J, Si J, Wang J, Wang H, Sun Y, Bi Y, Liu J, Cao L (2017) Cryptoporic acid E from Cryptoporus volvatus inhibits influenza virus replication in vitro. Antivir Res 143:106–112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Gaur R, Thakur JP, Yadav DK, Kapkoti DS, Verma RK, Gupta N, Khan F, Saikia D, Bhakuni RS (2015) Synthesis, antitubercular activity, and molecular modeling studies of analogues of isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin, bioactive components from Glycyrrhiza glabra. Med Chem Res 24:3494–3503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Gayoso CW, Lima EO, Oliveira VT, Pereira FO, Souza EL, Lima IO, Navarro DF (2005) Sensitivity of fungi isolated from onychomycosis to Eugenia cariophyllata essential oil and eugenol. Fitoterapia 76:247–249

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Ghosh M, Civra A, Rittà M, Cagno V, Mavuduru SG, Awasthi P, Lembo D, Donalisio M (2016) Ficus religiosa L. bark extracts inhibit infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro. Arch Virol 161:3509–3514

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Giovannucci E, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC (1995) Intake of carotenoids and retino in relation to risk of prostate cancer. JNCI J Nat Cancer Inst 87:1767–1776

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Gottlieb SL, Johnston C (2017) Future prospects for new vaccines against sexually transmitted infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 30:77

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Gowrish A, Vagdevi HM, Rajashekar H (2015) In vitro antioxidant and antitubercular activity of Leucas marrubioides Desf. root extracts. J Appl Pharm Sci 5:137–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Greenberg MS, Burket LW, Glick M (2003) Burket’s oral medicine: diagnosis & treatment. BC Decker, Hamilton

    Google Scholar 

  59. Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V (2002) Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol 81:81–100

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Guo N, Liu J, Wu X, Bi X, Meng R, Wang X, Xiang H, Deng X, Yu L (2009) Antifungal activity of thymol against clinical isolates of fluconazole-sensitive and-resistant Candida albicans. J Med Microbiol 58:1074–1079

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Gupta VK, Shukla C, Bisht GR, Saikia D, Kumar S, Thakur RL (2011) Detection of anti-tuberculosis activity in some folklore plants by radiometric BACTEC assay. Lett Appl Microbiol 52:33–40

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Gutheil GW, Reed G, Ray A, Anant S, Dhar A (2012) Crocetin: an agent derived from saffron for prevention and therapy for cancer. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 13:173–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV (2002) In vitro activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil against dermatophytes and other filamentous fungi. J Antimicrob Chemother 50:195–199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV (2012) Effects of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) essential oil and the major monoterpene component terpinen-4-ol on the development of single-and multistep antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:909–915

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Han X, Zhang DK, Guo YM, Feng WW, Dong Q, Zhang CE, Zhou YF, Liu Y, Wang JB, Zhao YL, Xiao XH, Yang M (2016) Screening and evaluation of commonly-used anti-influenza Chinese herbal medicines based on anti-neuraminidase activity. Chin J Nat Med 14:794–800

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Hartmann JT, Lipp HP (2006) Camptothecin and podophyllotoxin derivatives. Drug Saf 29:209–230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Houghton P, Patel N, Jurzysta M, Biely Z, Cheung C (2006) Antidermatophyte activity of medicago extracts and contained saponins and their structure-activity relationships. Phytother Res 20:1061–1066

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Huprikar S, Shoham S (2013) Emerging fungal infections in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 13:262–271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Ibrahim MP, Nuhu AA (2016) Phytochemical screening and antibacterial/antifungal activities of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. J Pharm Biol Sci 11(1):43–49

    Google Scholar 

  70. Ibrahim NA, Mohammed M, Farid MA, Abdel-Wahed NA (2015) Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antifungal activities of essential oils of the leaves of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa growing in Egypt. J Appl Pharm Sci 5:1–5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. James SA, Omwirhiren RE, Joshua IA, Dutse I (2016) Anti-diabetic properties and phytochemical studies of ethanolic leaf extracts of Murraya koenigii and Telfairia occidentalis on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Ornament 49

    Google Scholar 

  72. Jankasem M, Wuthi-udomlert M, Gritsanapan W (2013) Antidermatophytic properties of Ar-turmerone, turmeric oil, and Curcuma longa preparations. ISRN Dermatol 2013:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Jung J, Kim NK, Park S, Shin HJ, Hwang SG, Kim K (2015) Inhibitory effect of Phyllanthus urinaria L. extract on the replication of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus in vitro. BMC Complement Altern Med 15:255

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Kapewangolo P, Hussein AA, Meyer D (2013) Inhibition of HIV-1 enzymes, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Plectranthus barbatus. J Ethnopharmacol 149:184–190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Kapewangolo P, Knott M, Shithigona RE, Uusiku SL, Kandawa-Schulz M (2016) In vitro anti-HIV and antioxidant activity of Hoodia gordonii (Apocynaceae), a commercial plant product. BMC Complement Altern Med 16:411

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Kebaara BW, Langford ML, Navarathna DH, Dumitru R, Nickerson KW, Atkin AL (2008) Candida albicans Tup1 is involved in farnesol-mediated inhibition of filamentous-growth induction. Eukaryot Cell 7:980–987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Khan BA, Abraham A, Leelamma S (1995) Hypoglycemic action of Murraya koenigii (curry leaf) and Brassica juncea (mustard): mechanism of action. Indian J Biochem Biophys 32:106–108

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Khare CP (2008) Indian medicinal plants: an illustrated dictionary. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  79. Kronstad JW, Attarian R, Cadieux B, Choi J, D’souza CA, Griffiths EJ, Geddes JM, Hu G, Jung WH, Kretschmer M, Saikia S (2011) Expanding fungal pathogenesis: cryptococcus breaks out of the opportunistic box. Nat Rev Microbiol 9:193–203

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  80. Kurapati KR, Atluri VS, Samikkannu T, Garcia G, Nair MP (2015) Natural products as anti-HIV agents and role in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND): a brief overview. Front Microbiol 6:1444

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Lavoie S, Côté I, Pichette A, Gauthier C, Ouellet M, Nagau-Lavoie F, Mshvildadze V, Legault J (2017) Chemical composition and anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity of extracts from Cornus canadensis. BMC Complement Altern Med 17:123

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Lee WJ, Moon JS, Kim SI, Bahn YS, Lee H, Kang TH, Shin HM, Kim SU (2015) A phenylpropanoid glycoside as a calcineurin inhibitor isolated from Magnolia obovata Thunb. J Microbiol Biotechnol 25:1429–1432

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Liang J, Chen J, Tan Z, Peng J, Zheng X, Nishiura K, Ng J, Wang Z, Wang D, Chen Z, Liu L (2013) Extracts of the medicinal herb Sanguisorba officinalis inhibit the entry of human immunodeficiency virus-1. J Food Drug Anal 21:S52–S58

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  84. Lin RD, Chin YP, Lee MH (2005) Antimicrobial activity of antibiotics in combination with natural flavonoids against clinical extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Phytother Res 19:612–617

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Loizzo MR, Statti GA, Tundis R, Conforti F, Bonesi M, Autelitano G, Houghton PJ, Miljkovic-Brake A, Menichini F (2004) Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Senecio inaequidens DC. and Senecio vulgaris L. Phytother Res 18:777–779

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. López-Lázaro M, Willmore E, Austin CA (2007) Cells lacking DNA topoisomerase IIβ are resistant to genistein. J Nat Prod 70:763–767

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Lunardi LW, Aquino VR, Zimerman RA et al (2006) Epidemiology and outcome of in a tertiary care hospital. Clin Infect Dis 43:e60–63

    Google Scholar 

  88. Machumi F, Samoylenko V, Yenesew A, Derese S, Midiwo JO, Wiggers FT, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Khan SI, Walker LA, Muhammad I (2010) Antimicrobial and antiparasitic abietane diterpenoids from the roots of Clerodendrum eriophyllum. Nat Prod Commun 5:853

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. Mahesh B, Satish S (2008) Antimicrobial activity of some important medicinal plant against plant and human pathogens. World J Agric Sci 4:839–843

    Google Scholar 

  90. Mahmood A, Mahmood A, Qureshi RA (2012) Antimicrobial activities of three species of family mimosaceae. Pak J Pharm Sci 25:203–206

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Manayi A, Saeidnia S, Faramarzi MA, Samadi N, Jafari S, Vazirian M, Ghaderi A, Mirnezami T, Hadjiakhoondi A, Ardekani MR, Khanavi M (2013) A comparative study of anti-Candida activity and phenolic contents of the calluses from Lythrum salicaria L. in different treatments. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 170:176–184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Markovits J, Linassier C, Fossé P, Couprie J, Pierre J, Jacquemin-Sablon A, Saucier JM, Le Pecq JB, Larsen AK (1989) Inhibitory effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein on mammalian DNA topoisomerase II. Cancer Res 49:5111–5117

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Maroyi A (2014) Alternative medicines for HIV/AIDS in resource-poor settings: insight from traditional medicines use in Sub-Saharan Africa. Trop J Pharm Res 13:1527–1536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Mekha Mohan PJ, Valsalan R, Nazeem PA (2015) Molecular docking studies of phytochemicals from Phyllanthus niruri against Hepatitis B DNA Polymerase. Bioinformation 11:426

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Miao M, Cheng B, Guo L, Shi J (2015) Effects of Fuzheng Paidu tablet on peripheral blood T lymphocytes, intestinal mucosa T lymphocytes, and immune organs in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 11:2659–2663

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  96. Miceli MH, Díaz JA, Lee SA (2011) Emerging opportunistic yeast infections. Lancet Infect Dis 11:142–151

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Mishima S, Saito K, Maruyama H, Inoue M, Yamashita T, Ishida T, Gu Y (2004) Antioxidant and immuno-enhancing effects of Echinacea purpurea. Biol Pharm Bull 27:1004–1009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Modi M, Dezzutti CS, Kulshreshtha S, Rawat AK, Srivastava SK, Malhotra S, Verma A, Ranga U, Gupta SK (2013) Extracts from Acacia catechu suppress HIV-1 replication by inhibiting the activities of the viral protease and Tat. Virol J 10:309

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Moltó J, Valle M, Miranda C, Cedeño S, Negredo E, Clotet B (2012) Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and etravirine in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:5328–5331

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Monera-Penduka TG, Maponga CC, Morse GD, Nhachi CF (2017) Capacity for ethical and regulatory review of herbal trials in developing countries: a case study of Moringa oleifera research in HIV-infected patients. J Pharm Policy Pract 10:9

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  101. Moon DO, Kim MO, Lee JD, Choi YH, Kim GY (2010) Rosmarinic acid sensitizes cell death through suppression of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and ROS generation in human leukemia U937 cells. Cancer Lett 288:183–191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Moudi M, Go R, Yien CY, Nazre M (2013) Vinca alkaloids. Int J Pre Med 4:1231

    Google Scholar 

  103. Munoz P, Bouza E, Cuenca-Estrella M et al (2005) Saccharomyces cerevisiaefungemia: an emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis 40:1625–34

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Muthu C, Ayyanar M, Raja N, Ignacimuthu S (2006) Medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram District of Tamil Nadu. India J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2:43

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Nakamura CV, Ishida K, Faccin LC, Dias Filho BP, Cortez DA, Rozental S, de Souza W, Ueda-Nakamura T (2004) In vitro activity of essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum L. against four Candida species. Res Microbiol 155:579–586

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Nazari H, Mohammadi A, Amrollahi H, Dehpour A (2012) Essential oil analysis and antibacterial activities of some medicinal plants. Int J Phytomed 4:212

    Google Scholar 

  107. Negri M, Salci TP, Shinobu-Mesquita CS, Capoci IR, Svidzinski TI, Kioshima ES (2014) Early state research on antifungal natural products. Molecules 19:2925–2956

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  108. Nosanchuk JD, Casadevall A (2003) Budding of melanized Cryptococcus neoformans in the presence or absence of L-dopa. Microbiology 149(7):1945–1951

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Noumi E, Manga PN (2011) Traditional medicines for HIV/AIDS and opportunistic infections in North-West Cameroon: case of skin infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1:44–64

    Google Scholar 

  110. Nutan, Modi M, Dezzutti CS, Kulshreshtha S, Rawat AK, Srivastava SK, Malhotra S, Verma A, Ranga U, Gupta SK (2013) Extracts from Acacia catechu suppress HIV-1 replication by inhibiting the activities of the viral protease and Tat. Virology J 10:309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  111. Olajuyigbe OO, Afolayan AJ (2012) In vitro antibacterial and time-kill assessment of crude methanolic stem bark extract of Acacia mearnsii De Wild against bacteria in shigellosis. Molecules 17:2103–2118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  112. Oyagbemi AA, Saba AB, Azeez OI (2010) Molecular targets of [6]-gingerol: its potential roles in cancer chemoprevention. Biofactors 36:169–178

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Panda S, Dubey D, Dutta S (2010) Anticandidal activity of Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Bark from Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India. Int J Green Pharm 4:102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Panthong P, Bunluepuech K, Boonnak N, Chaniad P, Pianwanit S, Wattanapiromsakul C, Tewtrakul S (2015) Anti-HIV-1 integrase activity and molecular docking of compounds from Albizia procera bark. Pharm Biol 53:1861–1866

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Parmar J, Sharma P, Verma P, Goyal PK (2010) Chemopreventive action of Syzygium cumini on DMBA-induced skin papillomagenesis in mice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 11:261–265

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Patel DK, Kumar R, Prasad SK, Sairam K, Hemalatha S (2011) Antidiabetic and in vitro antioxidant potential of Hybanthus enneaspermus (Linn) F. Muell in streptozotocin–induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 1:316–322

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  117. Patil R, Patil R, Ahirwar B, Ahirwar D (2011) Isolation and characterization of anti-diabetic component (bioactivity—guided fractionation) from Ocimum sanctum L.(Lamiaceae) aerial part. Asian Pac J Trop Med 4:278–282

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Patwardhan B, Gautam M (2005) Botanical immunodrugs: scope and opportunities. Drug Discov Today 10:495–502

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  119. Pepeljnjak S, Kosalec I, Kalodera Z, Blazevic NI (2005) Antimicrobial activity of juniper berry essential oil (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae). Acta Pharm Zagreb 55:417

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Pereira CB, de Oliveira DM, Hughes AF, Kohlhoff M, Vieira ML, Vaz AB, Ferreira MC, Carvalho CR, Rosa LH, Rosa CA, Alves TM (2015) Endophytic fungal compounds active against Cryptococcus neoformans and C. Gattii. J Antibiot 68:436–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Perera DF, Fernando KM, Wijendra WA (2015) Efficacy of phytochemicals present in leaves of Punica granatum against Malassezia species. Am J Pharmacol Pharm 2:62–71

    Google Scholar 

  122. Petretto GL, Fancello F, Zara S, Foddai M, Mangia NP, Sanna ML, Omer EA, Menghini L, Chessa M, Pintore G (2014) Antimicrobial activity against beneficial microorganisms and chemical composition of essential oil of Mentha suaveolens ssp. insularis grown in Sardinia. J Food Sci 79:369–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Pinto E, Vale-Silva L, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L (2009) Antifungal activity of the clove essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species. J Med Microbiol 58:1454–1462

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Polaquini SR, Svidzinski TI, Kemmelmeier C, Gasparetto A (2006) Effect of aqueous extract from neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and adhesion in composite resin by Candida albicans. Arch Oral Biol 51:482–490

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Pottier I, Gente S, Vernoux JP, Guéguen M (2008) Safety assessment of dairy microorganisms: Geotrichum candidum. Int J Food Microbiol 126:327–332

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Rai MK, Varma A, Pandey AK (2004) Antifungal potential of Spilanthes calva after inoculation of Piriformospora indica. Mycoses 47:479–481

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Rajiniraja MU, Jayaraman GU (2014) Bioautography guided screening of selected Indian medicinal plants reveals potent Antimycobacterial activity of Allium sativum extracts-implication of non-sulfur compounds in inhibition. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 6:671–676

    Google Scholar 

  128. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Shetty AS, Nanditha A (2012) Trends in prevalence of diabetes in Asian countries. World J Diabetes 3:110

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  129. Rukayadi Y, Hwang JK (2007) In vitro anti-Malassezia activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Lett Appl Microbiol 44:126–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Sa G, Das T (2008) Anti cancer effects of curcumin: cycle of life and death. Cell Div 3:14

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Sabiiti W, May RC (2012) Mechanisms of infection by the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Future Microbiol 7:1297–1313

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Saini S, Porte SM (2015) Antimicrobial properties of Anand Bhairav Ras and its ingredients: an overview. Int J Res Ayurveda and Pharm 6:80–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. Santos NO, Mariane B, Lago JH, Sartorelli P, Rosa W, Soares MG, da Silva AM, Lorenzi H, Vallim MA, Pascon RC (2015) Assessing the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Brazilian plants—Eremanthus erythropappus (Asteraceae), Plectrantuns barbatus, and P. amboinicus (Lamiaceae). Molecules 20:8440–8452

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  134. Schiff PB, Fant J, Horwitz SB (1979) Promotion of microtubule assembly in vitro by taxol. Nature 277:665–667

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Scully C, Almeida OP (1992) Orofacial manifestations of the systemic mycoses. J Oral Pathol Med 21:289–294

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Shaik G, Sujatha N, Mehar SK (2014) Medicinal plants as source of antibacterial agents to counter Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Appl Pharm Sci 4:135–147

    Google Scholar 

  137. Shoshana LO, Amira RU, Kashman Y, Amnon HI (1999) Polycitone A, a novel and potent general inhibitor of retroviral reverse transcriptases and cellular DNA polymerases. Biochem J 344:85–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  138. Silprasit K, Seetaha S, Pongsanarakul P, Hannongbua S, Choowongkomon K (2011) Anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activities of hexane extracts from some Asian medicinal plants. J Med Plant Res 5:4899–4906

    Google Scholar 

  139. Silva Júnior AJ, de Campos-Buzzi F, Romanos MT, Wagner TM, Guimarães AF, Cechinel Filho V, Batista R (2013) Chemical composition and antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of Gallesia gorazema (Phytolaccaceae), a potential candidate for novel anti-herpetic phytomedicines. J Ethnopharmacol 150:595–600

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Simonetti G, Tocci N, Valletta A, Brasili E, D’Auria FD, Idoux A, Pasqua G (2016) In vitro antifungal activity of extracts obtained from Hypericum perforatum adventitious roots cultured in a mist bioreactor against planktonic cells and biofilm of Malassezia furfur. Nat Prod Res 30:544–550

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Singh V, Thakur KE, Chauhan PK (2012) Effect of poly herbal formulation against klebsiella pneumonia causing pneumonia in children’s. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 5:69–75

    Google Scholar 

  142. Soković MD, Glamočlija J, Marin PD, Brkić DD, Vukojević J, Jovanović D, Bulajić N, Kataranovski D (2006) Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Mentha. X piperita. Pharm Biol 44:511–515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Sokovic MD, Glamoclija JM, Ciric AD (2013) Natural products from plants and fungi as fungicides. In: Fungicides-showcases of integrated plant disease management from around the world, Chap 9. InTech, New York, pp 185–232

    Google Scholar 

  144. Stoldt VR, Sonneborn A, Leuker CE, Ernst JF (1997) Efg1p, an essential regulator of morphogenesis of the human pathogen Candida albicans, is a member of a conserved class of bHLH proteins regulating morphogenetic processes in fungi. EMBO J 16:1982–1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  145. Sultana N, Ata A (2008) Oleanolic acid and related derivatives as medicinally important compounds. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 23:739–756

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Sureram S, Senadeera SP, Hongmanee P, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Kittakoop P (2012) Antimycobacterial activity of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Tiliacora triandra against multidrug-resistant isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 22:2902–2905

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Swamy MK, Akhtar MS, Sinniah UR (2016) Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils against human pathogens and their mode of action: an updated review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2016:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. Tassiana BD, Ferreira SB, Pinheiro LS, Menezes CP, Guerra FQ, Sousa JP, Lima ED (2015) Antifungal activity of phytochemicals against samples of Penicillium. Int J Trop Dis Health 10:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  149. Tepe B, Daferera D, Sokmen A, Sokmen M, Polissiou M (2005) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia tomentosa Miller (Lamiaceae). Food Chem 90:333–340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Tewtrakul S, Nakamura N, Hattori M, Fujiwara T, Supavita T (2002) Flavanone and flavonol glycosides from the leaves of Thevetia peruviana and their HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 integrase inhibitory activities. Chem Pharm Bull 50:630–635

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Tietjen I, Ntie-Kang F, Mwimanzi P, Onguéné PA, Scull MA, Idowu TO, Ogundaini AO, Meva’a LM, Abegaz BM, Rice CM, Andrae-Marobela K (2015) Screening of the pan-African natural product library identifies ixoratannin A-2 and boldine as novel HIV-1 inhibitors. PLoS One 10:e0121099

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Tietjen I, Gatonye T, Ngwenya BN, Namushe A, Simonambanga S, Muzila M, Mwimanzi P, Xiao J, Fedida D, Brumme ZL, Brockman MA (2016) Croton megalobotrys Müll Arg. and Vitex doniana (Sweet): traditional medicinal plants in a three-step treatment regimen that inhibit in vitro replication of HIV-1. J Ethnopharmacol 191:331–340

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Torres-Romero D, Jiménez IA, Rojas R, Gilman RH, López M, Bazzocchi IL (2011) Dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes isolated from Celastrus vulcanicola as potential anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis multidrug-resistant agents. Bioorg Med Chem 19:2182–2189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Tuon FF, Costa SF (2008) Rhodotorula infection. A systematic review of 128 cases from literature. Rev Iberoam Micol 2:135–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. Turchetti B, Pinelli P, Buzzini P, Romani A, Heimler D, Franconi F, Martini A (2005) In vitro antimycotic activity of some plant extracts towards yeast and yeast-like strains. Phytother Res 19:44–49

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Unlu M, Ergene E, Unlu GV, Zeytinoglu HS, Vural N (2010) Composition, antimicrobial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae). Food Chem Toxicol 48:3274–3280

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Uttra KM, Devrajani BR, Shah SZ, Devrajani T, Das T, Raza S, Naseem M (2011) Lipid profile of patients with diabetes mellitus (a multidisciplinary study). World Appl Sci J 12:1382–1384

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Vandeputte P, Ferrari S, Coste AT (2011) Antifungal resistance and new strategies to control fungal infections. Int J Microbiol 2012:1–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Vijay P (2015) Anti-diabetic effects of Eclipta alba on alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Int J Pharm Sci Res 6:308

    Google Scholar 

  160. Viswanathan V, Phadatare AG, Mukne A (2014) Antimycobacterial and antibacterial activity of Allium sativum bulbs. Indian J Pharm Sci 76:256

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  161. Wan Z, Chen X (2014) Triptolide inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by promoting proteasomal degradation of Tat protein. Retrovirology 11:88

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Wanas AS, Radwan MM, Mehmedic Z, Jacob M, Khan IA, Elsohly MA (2016) Antifungal activity of the volatiles of high potency Cannabis sativa L. against Cryptococcus neoformans. Rec Nat Prod 10:214

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Wang J (2009) Clinical trials on the effect of immunity 1 (Fuzheng 1) on immune reconstitution of HIV patients. Clinicaltrials.gov

    Google Scholar 

  164. Wang Y, Xiang L, Wang C, Tang C, He X (2013) Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects and phytochemicals of mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) polyphenol enhanced extract. PLoS One 8:e71144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  165. Wani MC, Taylor HL, Wall ME, Coggon P, McPhail AT (1971) Plant antitumor agents. VI. Isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from Taxus brevifolia. J Am Chem Soc 93:2325–2327

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Waza SA, Anthony P, Dar S (2015) Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extract of Datura Stramonium seeds. Int J Pharm Sci Res 6:3021–3026

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Wei B, Cha SY, Kang M, Kim YJ, Cho CW, Rhee YK, Hong HD, Jang HK (2015 Jun 30) Antiviral activity of Chongkukjang extracts against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnic Food 2(2):47–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  168. Wernik R, Priore JL, Goldman WF, del Carmen Elias A, Borkow G (2015) Improvement in human immunodeficiency virus-1/acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients’ well-being following administration of “Phyto V7”. World 2:004

    Google Scholar 

  169. Wu H, Liang X, Fang Y, Qin X, Zhang Y, Liu J (2008) Resveratrol inhibits hypoxia-induced metastasis potential enhancement by restricting hypoxia-induced factor-1α expression in colon carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 62:613–621

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Xu Y, Xu G, Liu L, Xu D, Liu J (2010) Anti-invasion effect of rosmarinic acid via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and oxidation–reduction pathway in Ls174-T cells. J Cell Biochem 111:370–379

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Yang J (2009) Brazil nuts and associated health benefits: a review. LWT-Food Sci Technol 42:1573–1580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Zhang L, Chang W, Sun B, Groh M, Speicher A, Lou H (2011) Bisbibenzyls, a new type of antifungal agent, inhibit morphogenesis switch and biofilm formation through upregulation of DPP3 in Candida albicans. PLoS One 6:e28953

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  173. Zhang HJ, Rumschlag-Booms E, Guan YF, Liu KL, Wang DY, Li WF, Cuong NM, Soejarto DD, Fong HH, Rong L (2017) Anti-HIV diphyllin glycosides from Justicia gendarussa. Phytochemistry 136:94–100

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India

    Vijay Nema

  2. Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Yogita Dhas, Joyita Banerjee & Neetu Mishra

Authors
  1. Vijay Nema
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yogita Dhas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Joyita Banerjee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Neetu Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vibha Rani

  2. School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

    Umesh C. S. Yadav

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nema, V., Dhas, Y., Banerjee, J., Mishra, N. (2018). Phytochemicals: An Alternate Approach Towards Various Disease Management. In: Rani, V., Yadav, U. (eds) Functional Food and Human Health. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1123-9_27

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation