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Phytochemicals and Human Health

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Functional Food and Human Health

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Any disturbance in this well-being leads to ill-health and a related condition called pathophysiology. Disease conditions, xenobiotics, and environmental and social stresses are the most common causes behind these pathophysiological conditions, and this can be generalized from recent studies that in most of the cases ROS plays the pivotal role as the main effector. However, fortunately in many cases, these health problems are preventable. Reasonable cost, presence in the daily consumables, and negligible side effects make the naturally occurring plant-derived compounds interesting and attractive for pharmacological study in recent years. Primarily for the defense purpose, plants yield assorted types of low-molecular-weight products. These are generally termed as phytochemicals. Among them, a group of secondary metabolites associated with a polyphenolic group have been named flavonoids and are of pronounced interest due to their implausible pharmacological properties. Flavonoids are widely accepted as potent antioxidant agents which can prevent injury caused by free radicals by scavenging of ROS, activation of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibiting oxidases. In addition, increase in antioxidant properties of low-molecular antioxidants, metal chelating activity, and reduction of α-tocopheryl radicals and mitigation of oxidative stress caused by NO also plays important role. In this chapter, we have summarized most of the findings, if not all, available till date related to five very noticeable phytochemicals, namely, morin, quercetin, rutin, mangiferin, and myricetin. Hope this chapter will help readers in understanding the utmost importance of the phytochemicals and will motivate them to further dig into the mechanistic study to fetch more novel information.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, West Bengal, India

    Krishnendu Sinha

  2. Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Krishnendu Sinha, Sayantani Chowdhury & Parames C. Sil

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  1. Krishnendu Sinha
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  2. Sayantani Chowdhury
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Correspondence to Parames C. Sil .

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vibha Rani

  2. School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

    Umesh C. S. Yadav

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Sinha, K., Chowdhury, S., Sil, P.C. (2018). Phytochemicals and Human Health. In: Rani, V., Yadav, U. (eds) Functional Food and Human Health. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1123-9_10

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