Abstract
Brain signals such as EEG and MEG are the only available dynamical measures of functional status of the brain. Over past several years EEG has been found to have nonlinear and chaotic properties. The nonlinear dynamical measures have been linked to brain functioning including the most complex cognitive behavior of man. Our study focuses on showing evidence of nonlinear chaotic behavior of simulated EEG. We have simulated the EEG at the mesoscopic level by using the biologically realistic Freeman K-sets. Here the behavior of the time series at every level of the olfactory system as modeled in the Freeman-KIII set is obtained by solving a set of second-order differential equations using Euler method in MATLAB. The generated low-dimensional- and high-dimensional time series is subjected to a nonlinear analysis using Higuchi fractal dimension, Lyapunov exponent, and Detrended Fluctuation analysis to validate the chaotic behavior. The study indirectly points to suitability of Freeman model for large-scale brain simulation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Eledath, D., Ramachandran, S., Pradhan, N., Asundi, S.: Power spectral scaling and wavelet entropy as measures in understanding neural complexity. Annu. IEEE India Conf. (INDICON) pp. 1–6 (2015)
Skarda, C.A., Freeman, W.J.: How brains make chaos in order to make sense of the world. Behav. Brain Sci. 10, 161–195 (1987)
Freeman, W.J.: Simulation of chaotic EEG patterns with a dynamic model of the olfactory system. Biol. Cybern. 56, 139–150 (1987)
Klonowski, W.: Chaotic dynamics applied to signal complexity in phase space and in time domain. In: Chaos, solitons and fractals, vol. 14, pp. 1379–1387 (2002)
Bermudez, R.G., Pedro, J., Laencina, G.: Analysis of EEG signals using nonlinear dynamics and chaos: a review. In: Applied mathematics & information sciences, vol. 9, pp. 2309–2321 (2015)
Poza, J., Gómez, C., Bachiller, A., Hornero, R.: Spectral and Non-Linear analyses of spontaneous magneto-encephalographic activity in alzheimer’s disease. J. Healthc. Eng. 3, 299–322 (2012)
Kunhimangalam, R., Joseph, P.K., Sujith, O.K.: Nonlinear analysis of EEG signals: surrogate data analysis. IRBM 29(4), 239–244 (2008)
Li, Z., Hopefield, J.J.: Modeling the olfactory bulb and its neural oscillatory processings. Biol. Cybern. 6, 379–392 (1989)
Kozma, R., Freeman, W.J.: Encoding and recall of noisy data as chaotic spatio-temporal memory patterns in the style of the brains. Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks 5, 33–38 (2000)
Chang, H.J., Freeman, W.J.: Parameter optimization in models of the olfactory neural system. Neural Networks 9, 1–14 (1996)
Eisenberg, J., Freeman, W.J., Burke, B.: Hardware architecture of a neural network model simulating pattern recognition by the olfactory bulb. Neural Networks 2, 315–325 (1989)
Denis, R., Piazenti, M., Rosa, J.L.: A simulator for freeman K-sets in JAVA. Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks (IJCNN), 1–8 (2015)
Ilin, R., Kozma, R.: Stability conditions of the full KII model of excitatory and inhibitory neural populations. Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks, pp. 3162–3167 (2005)
Obayashi, M., Koga, S., Feng, L., Kuremoto, T., Kobayashi, K.: Handwriting character classification using Freeman’s olfactory KIII model. Artif. Life Robot. 17(2), 227–232 (2012)
Zhang, J., Lou, Z., Li, G., Freeman, W.J.: Application of a novel neural network to face recognition based on DWT. Int. Conf. Biomed. Robot. Biomechatronics, pp. 1042–1046 (2006)
Yang, X., Fu, J., Lou, Z., Wang, L., Li, G., Freeman, W.J.: Tea classification based on artificial olfaction using bionic olfactory neural network. Advances in Neural Networks—ISNN 2006. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 3972, 343–348 (2006)
Obayashi, M., Sud, R., Kuremoto, T., Mabu, S.: A class identification method using Freeman’s olfactory KIII model. J. Image Graph. 4, 130–135 (2016)
Yao, Y., Freeman, W.J.: Model of biological pattern recognition with spatially chaotic dynamics. Neural Networks 3, 153–170 (1990)
Bermudez, R.G., Pedro, J., Laencina, G.: Analysis of EEG Signals using nonlinear dynamics and chaos: a review. In: Applied mathematics & information sciences, vol. 9, pp. 2309–2321 (2015)
Esteller, R., Vachtsevanos, G., Echauz, J., Litt, B.: A comparison of waveform fractal dimension algorithms. In: IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. fundamental theory and applications, vol. 48, pp. 177–183 (2001)
Pradhan, N., Sadasivan, P.K.: The nature of dominant Lyapunov exponent and attractor dimension curves of EEG in sleep. Comput. Biol. Med. 26(5), 419–428 (1996)
Wolf, A., Swift, J.B., Swinney, H.L., Vastano, J.A.: Determining Lyapunov exponents from a time series. Physica D 16, 285–317 (1985)
Das, A., Das, P., Roy, A.B.: Applicability of LyapunovExponent in EEG data analysis. Complex. Int. 9, 1–8 (2002)
Marton, L.F., Brassai, S.T., Bako, L., Losonczi, L.: Detrended fluctuation analysis of EEG signals. In: 7th international conference interdisciplinary in engineering (INTER-ENG2013), vol. 12, pp. 125–132 (2014)
Bachmann, M., Suhhova, A., Lass, J., Aadamsoo, K., Vohma, U., Hinrikus, H.: Detrended fluctuation analysis of EEG in depression. In: XIII mediterranean conference on medical and biological engineering and computing, vol. 41, pp. 694–697 (2013)
Zorick, T., Mandelkern, M.A.: Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of human EEG: preliminary investigation and comparison with the wavelet transform modulus maxima technique. PLoS ONE 8, 1–7 (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Anitta, F., Sunitha, R., Pradhan, N., Sreedevi, A. (2019). Non-linear Analysis of Time Series Generated from the Freeman K-Set Model. In: Mallick, P., Balas, V., Bhoi, A., Zobaa, A. (eds) Cognitive Informatics and Soft Computing. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 768. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0617-4_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0617-4_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0616-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-0617-4
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)