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Symbiotic Tripartism in the Model Plant Family of Legumes and Soil Sustainability

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Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management

Abstract

The demands of feeding a world population are expected to double by 2050. This is because 2.5 billion will be added to the urban population alone. This massive undertaking has posed many challenges toward agricultural productivity and increase in food quality, quantity, and production of protein-rich crops, but on the other hand, modern aggressive agricultural practices have rendered the current acreage of arable land and soil unsustainable to meet the demands of sustainable cropping systems. However, the beneficial role of legumes in cropping systems such as symbiotic nitrogen fixation, intercropping, and rotation of legumes with cereals offers credible potential for providing economically sustainable advantages for farming. The inherent capacity of legumes to form symbiotic associations with biological nitrogen-fixing (BNF) rhizobia and phosphorus-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), i.e., symbiotic tripartism, further advocates the use of legumes as cover crops, increasing soil fertility, rhizospheric processes, and sustainable (food/oil) crop production. Furthermore, it is estimated that BNF of legumes contribute to five to seven times less greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit area compared to other crops, in addition to estimates of total global BNF of 122 T gN/year (=million tons of N), while AMF play a critical role in global carbon cycle, with estimates of the amount of total C fixed to be up to 20% which is c. 5 T PgC/year (=billion tons of C). In view of this importance of symbiotic tripartism in natural and managed ecosystems, this chapter emphasizes the genetic and symbiotic feature(s) of legumes in large-scale community and global food security programs and soil sustainability and management.

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Abbreviations

AMS:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

CSP:

Common SYM pathway

N:

Nitrogen

P:

Phosphorus

RNS:

Root nodule symbiosis

SOM:

Soil organic matter

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Vinod Vijayakumar

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  1. Vinod Vijayakumar
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, UP, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  2. Division of Crop Production, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India

    Anup Das

  3. Division of Crop Production, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Lembucherra, India

    Gulab Singh Yadav

  4. Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, SENR/FAES, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Rattan Lal

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Vijayakumar, V. (2018). Symbiotic Tripartism in the Model Plant Family of Legumes and Soil Sustainability. In: Meena, R., Das, A., Yadav, G., Lal, R. (eds) Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0253-4_6

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