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Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management pp 315–345Cite as

Leguminous Trees an Innovative Tool for Soil Sustainability

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Abstract

World food production is to some extent dependent upon biological nitrogen (N) fixation (about 100 million tons per year globally) in agroecosystem. Legumes reflect multidimensional activity towards developing soil nutrient pool and improving soil fertility. Increased level of CO2 (0.04%) associated with addition of N in a system is dependent upon various abiotic (temperature, humidity, soil) and biotic (species interaction, resource partitioning, biotic interference) factors. As a consequence there may be a significant level of variation in the N cycle in different ecosystems. In comparison with cropland soils of Europe and North America, soils of India are strongly depleted of their N reserves. Such deficiency can be mitigated through the inherent N-fixing ability and improvement of soil condition by leguminous tree species. Such approaches also promote proper enhancement of forest floor biodiversity in terms of various living communities. Leguminous trees are often found to be a key instrument towards combating climate change due to their higher C sequestration potential and wide ecological amplitude at various conditions. Such potentiality often hampers the flourishment of legume trees in nature due to over exploitation and improper regeneration. Community-based natural resource management practices are the suitable solution for these problems. Exploration of areas with higher density of legumes and management of legumes in captivity and under natural condition needs to be prioritized. In this context appropriate research work should be aimed towards proper exploration of potentiality among leguminous vegetation in fixing atmospheric N. Wider application of such species has become a thrust area of research in modern science perspectives. All these issues are periodically reviewed with research-oriented database for the benefits of soil sustainability. The present chapter deals with the beneficial and multipurpose role of leguminous tree species towards soil sustainability and plant growth.

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Abbreviations

AMF:

Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi

BNF:

Biological nitrogen fixation

C:

Carbon

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

FACE:

Free-air CO2 enrichment

FAO:

Food and Agricultural Organization

GHG:

Greenhouse gases

INM:

Integrated nutrient management

N:

Nitrogen

NFP:

Nitrogen-fixing potential

NFT:

Nitrogen-fixing trees

OM:

Organic matter

R&D:

Research and development

SCP:

Soil carbon pool

SNF:

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation

SNP:

Soil nitrogen pool

SOCP:

Soil organic carbon pool

SOM:

Soil organic matter

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Farm Forestry, Sarguja University, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India

    M. K. Jhariya & D. K. Yadav

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Sarguja University, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India

    A. Banerjee

  3. Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, I.G.K.V., Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    A. Raj

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  3. D. K. Yadav
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  1. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, UP, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  2. Division of Crop Production, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India

    Anup Das

  3. Division of Crop Production, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Lembucherra, India

    Gulab Singh Yadav

  4. Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, SENR/FAES, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Rattan Lal

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Jhariya, M.K., Banerjee, A., Yadav, D.K., Raj, A. (2018). Leguminous Trees an Innovative Tool for Soil Sustainability. In: Meena, R., Das, A., Yadav, G., Lal, R. (eds) Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0253-4_10

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