Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient in plants that serves numerous plant functions and is vital for the metabolic processes. Moreover, it is the constituent of some essential amino acids and metabolites. Recent studies have provided the notion that S not only improves the productivity of plants under normal condition but also protects them from abiotic stresses like salinity, drought, and toxic metals/metalloids. Different S compounds directly act as antioxidants or modulate antioxidant defense system. Among them, glutathione (GSH) is regarded as one of the powerful antioxidants and stress protectors. Interactions of S with other biological molecules afford stress signaling to provide defense against environmental stresses. However, the S uptake, translocation, and mechanisms of action in plants under stressful conditions are still under research. The recent progress on the roles of S in conferring abiotic stresses and related literature is presented in this chapter.
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Abbreviations
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- ACS:
-
1-Aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS)
- APK:
-
APS kinase
- APR:
-
Adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate reductase
- APS:
-
Adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate
- APX:
-
Ascorbate peroxidase
- AsA:
-
Ascorbate
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- ATPS:
-
ATP sulfurylase
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- CBL:
-
Cystathionine β-lyase
- CGS:
-
Cystathionine γ-synthase
- CSC:
-
Cysteine synthase complex
- Cys:
-
Cysteine
- Cyst:
-
Cystathionine
- DHA:
-
Dehydroascorbate
- DHAR:
-
Dehydroascorbate reductase
- EF-TU:
-
Elongation factor-thermo unstable
- GAPDH:
-
Glyceraldehyde-3-P-dehydrogenase
- GB:
-
Glycine betaine
- GCL:
-
Glutamate-cysteine ligase
- Gly I:
-
Glyoxalase I
- Gly II:
-
Glyoxalase II
- GPX:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- GR:
-
Glutathione reductase
- GRX:
-
Glutaredoxins
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- GSHS:
-
Glutathione synthetase
- GSSG:
-
Oxidized glutathione
- GST:
-
Glutathione S-transferase
- h-GSH:
-
Homo-GSH
- JA:
-
Jasmonates
- LOX:
-
Lipoxygenase
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- MDHAR:
-
Monodehydroascorbate reductase
- Met:
-
Methionine
- MG:
-
Methylglyoxal
- MRNA:
-
Messenger ribonucleic acid
- MS:
-
Methionine synthase
- NaHS:
-
Sodium hydrosulfide
- NPT:
-
Nonprotein thiol
- OAS:
-
O-Acetylserine
- OASS:
-
O-Acetylserine sulfhydrylase
- OAS-TL:
-
OAS(thiol)lyase
- OPH:
-
O-Phosphohomoserine
- PAPS:
-
3-Phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate
- PCs:
-
Phytochelatins
- PEG:
-
Polyethylene glycol
- POD:
-
Peroxidase
- POX:
-
Peroxidases
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- RT-PCR:
-
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- RuBisCO:
-
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
- SAT:
-
Serine acetyltransferase
- Ser:
-
Serine
- SiR:
-
Sulfite reductase
- SLG:
-
S-d-Lactoylglutathione
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- SULTR:
-
Proton/SO4 2−cotransporter in plants
- SURE:
-
Sulfur-responsive element
- TBARS:
-
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TRX:
-
Thioredoxins
- γ-ECS:
-
γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase
- γ-GluCys:
-
γ-Glutamylcysteine
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The authors acknowledge Khursheda Parvin and Sayed Mohammad Mohsin, Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Japan, for critic reading and formatting of the manuscript.
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Hasanuzzaman, M., Hossain, M.S., Bhuyan, M.H.M.B., Al Mahmud, J., Nahar, K., Fujita, M. (2018). The Role of Sulfur in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance: Molecular Interactions and Defense Mechanisms. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Fujita, M., Oku, H., Nahar, K., Hawrylak-Nowak, B. (eds) Plant Nutrients and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9044-8_10
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