Endovascular Operation-Related Complications and Treatment

Abstract

With the development of intravascular technology, endovascular treatment has become the first choice for the patients with cardiovascular disease. However, endovascular operation-related complications may cause potential threats to the patient in the process of puncturing the blood vessels. For vascular puncture-related complications, such as puncture site bleeding and hematoma, treatment measures including close observation and correction of potential coagulation disorders should be taken to maintain appropriate hemoglobin levels. Artery anterior wall puncture technique should be used to avoid multiple puncture at the same site, and arteriovenous fistula could be avoided consequently. For artery perforation and artery dissection caused by wire and catheter, surgical repair or stents should be used to restore the patency of the vascular lumens. For balloon- and stent-related complications, distal arterial embolism could be prevented by color Doppler ultrasound and CT before endovascular treatment. Operation should be carried out strictly in accordance with the instructions of the endovascular devices to prevent the occurrence of arteriorrhexis. The incidence of complications can be reduced by identifying the patients with risk factors, including large-sized vascular sheath, unmatched stent with vascular diameter, excessive balloon dilatation in normal vessels, careless and rough operation by the surgeon, and so on.