Abstract
A successful endoscopic esophagectomy is based on a store of knowledge of anatomy. The esophagus is divided by the region of anatomy into the cervical esophagus, the thoracic esophagus, and the abdominal esophagus. The stomach is located in the upper abdomen, between the esophagus and the duodenum, comprising the greater and the lesser curvature side. A good knowledge of the relations between the esophagus and the stomach in vascular supply and anatomical adjacency extensively contributes to the access routing and anatomical injury reduction associated with thoracoscopic esophagectomy.
A complete esophagectomy also involves systematic lymph node dissection standardized by well-recognized international criteria in respect to scope and specifications for esophageal cancer.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsBibliography
Beneragama T, Serpell JW. Extralaryngeal bifurcation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: a common variation. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76(10):928–31.
Bilge O, Celik S, Aktug H. The pleura-esophageal muscle: a disregarded anatomical structure. Anat Sci Int. 2013;88(2):97–100.
Bonavina L, Incarhone R, Bona D, et al. Esophagectomy via laparoscopy and transmediastinal endodissection. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2004;14(1):13–6.
Britton D, Yorkston KM, Eadie T, et al. Endoscopic assessment of vocal fold movements during cough. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2012;121(1):21–7.
Buunen M, Rooijens PP, Smaal HJ, et al. Vascular anatomy of the stomach related to gastric tube construction. Dis Esophagus. 2008;21(3):272–4.
Committee of Esophageal Cancer, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer. Beijing: Peking Union Medical College Press; 2011.
Coral RP, Constant-Neto M, Silva IS, et al. Comparative anatomical study of the anterior and posterior mediastinum as access routes after esophagectomy. Dis Esophagus. 2003;16(3):236–8.
Ge M. Cervical lymph node dissection. Beijing: Military Medical Science Press; 2009.
Hougan O, Zihai D, Ouyang Z. Vascular components of the posterior mediastinum: applications for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Surg Radiol Anat. 2011;33(2):117–22.
Huang J, Lin Y. Applied anatomy of selective esophageal artery catheterization (Published in Chinese). Chin J Clin Anat. 1990;8(1):24–5.
Hydman J, Björck G, Persson JK, et al. Diagnosis and prognosis of iatrogenic injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009;18(7):506–11.
Kinoshita Y, Udagawa H, Kajiyama Y, et al. Esophageal cancer and right aortic arch associated with a vascular ring. Dis Esophagus. 1999;12(3):216–8.
Kobayashi M, Yuta A, Okamoto K, et al. Non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve with multiple arterial abnormalities. Acta Otolaryngol. 2007;127(3):332–6.
Kuge K, Murakami G, Mizobuchi S, et al. Submucosal territory of the direct lymphatic drainage system to the thoracic duct in the human esophagus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;125(6):1343–9.
Li P, Yuan G, Dou Z, et al. Observation of thoracic and abdominal esophageal arteries (Published in Chinese). Chin J Anat. 1993;16(3):231–3.
Martín-Malagón A, Bravo A, Arteaga I, et al. Ivor Lewis esophagectomy in a patient with enlarged azygos vein: a lesson to learn. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85(1):326–8.
Mirilas P, Skandalakis J. Benign anatomical mistakes: the correct anatomical term for the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Am Surg. 2002;68(1):95–7.
Mizutani M, Murakami G, Nawata S, et al. Anatomy of right recurrent nerve node: why does early metastasis of esophageal cancer occur in it. Surg Radiol Anat. 2006;28(4):333–8.
Moores DW. The diaphragm. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66(1):289–90.
Nie K, Huang G, Zhang D. Anatomical observation of esophageal arteries (Published in Chinese). J Pract Surg. 1990;10(2):102–4.
Peyre CG, Hagen JA, DeMeester SR, et al. Predicting systemic disease in patients with esophageal cancer after esophagectomy: a multinational study on the significance of the number of involved lymph nodes. Ann Surg. 2008;248(6):979–85.
Randjelovic DT, Filipovic RB, Bilanovic LD, et al. Perigastric vascular abnormalities and the impact on esophagogastrectomy. Dis Esophagus. 2007;20(5):390–8.
Riquet M, Le Pimpec Barthes F, Souilamas R, et al. Thoracic duct tributaries from intrathoracic organs. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73(3):892–8.
Rizk N, Venkatraman E, Park B, et al. The prognostic importance of the number of involved lymph nodes in esophageal cancer: implications for revisions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;132(6):1374–81.
Shao T, Yang W, Zhang T, et al. A newly identified variation at the entry of the recurrent laryngeal nerve into the larynx. J Invest Surg. 2010;23(6):314–20.
Shi Y, Fei J, Gong B, et al. Applied anatomy of the bronchial arteries outside the lungs. Chin J Anat. 1988;11(3):168–71.
Shimada T, Terashima H, Shimizu T, et al. Esophageal carcinoma with nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;70(5):1722–3.
Tachimori Y, Nagai Y, Kanamori N, et al. Pattern of lymph node metastases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on the anatomical lymphatic drainage system. Dis Esophagus. 2011;24(1):33–8.
Tao R, Lu Y, Liu Y, et al. The artery anatomy observation of external supplying arteries of esophagean organ in abdomen. J Dalian Univ. 2008;29(6):92–4.
Tisdall MM, Henn C, Dorward NL. Intra-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation during anterior cervical discectomy: a simple and effective technique. Br J Neurosurg. 2010;24(1):77–9.
Wang Y, Yang C, Xue X. The lymphatic system of the esophagus (Published in Chinese). Acta Anat Sin. 1962;5(3–4):376–82.
Woodson GE. Spontaneous laryngeal reinnervation after recurrent laryngeal or vagus nerve injury. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2007;116(1):57–65.
Wright SK, Lobe T. Transaxillary totally endoscopic robot-assisted ansa cervicalis to recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation for repair of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2009;19(Suppl 1):s203–6.
Wu A, Wang L, Dang R, et al. Clinic-practical anatomy of the esophageal vessels. J Zhengzhou Univ (Med Sci). 2007;42(3):393–6.
Xu W, Han D, Hu H, et al. Characteristics of experimental recurrent laryngeal nerve surgical injury in dogs. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009;118(8):575–80.
Yaln B, Tugcu H, Cantürk N, et al. Critical course of the anterior laryngeal branch of the inferior laryngeal nerve. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76(6):481–3.
Yan Y, Chen C, Chen Y, et al. Arterial patterns in the thoracic and abdominal segments of the esophagus: anatomy and clinical significance. Surg Radiol Anat. 1998;20(6):399–402.
Yao Z, Zhou J, Lin P. The tracheal arteries of the Chinese (Published in Chinese). Acta Anat Sin. 1982;13(4):363–9.
Zhang S, Zhong Z, Wang S, et al. Esophageal outer and surficial arteries in the lower thorax: a anatomical study. Heilongjiang Med Pharm. 2005;28(6):11–2.
Zhong S, Fang C. Prevention of complications of laparoscopic surgery from laparoscopic topography (Published in Chinese). Chin J Pract Surg. 2007;27(9):675–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. and Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zheng, P. (2018). Anatomy of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy. In: Zhang, Y., Pan, T., Wei, X. (eds) Atlas of Thoracoscopic-lapacoscopic Esophagectomy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7569-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7569-8_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7568-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7569-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)