Skip to main content

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of Liver Cirrhosis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Clinical Investigation of Portal Hypertension

Abstract

For taking care of patients with liver disease, it is important to understand both the liver histology and the liver test data. Liver biopsy is the most reliable way (gold standard) to know the histology, but invasive. It is also well accepted that the peripheral blood flow within the liver parenchyma is easily influenced by histological changes, such as liver fibrosis, necrosis, edema, and collapse. On the other hand, the liver function is regulated by four main factors, uptake, metabolism, secretion of the liver cells, and liver blood flow. Therefore, analyzing the hemodynamics in the peripheral area of the liver parenchyma may become a relevant way for estimating the histology and the function of the liver. Accordingly, we have studied the significance of the arrival-time parametric image and the perfusion parametric image obtained by Sonazoid®-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosing hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver diseases, especially liver cirrhosis.

As a result, we found analyzing the hepatic microcirculation and the portal vein blood flow by contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be of great help for understanding what is happening within the liver parenchyma in patients with liver cirrhosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Reuter SR, Redman HC. Gastrointestinal angiography. Philadelphia: WB Sounders; 1977. p. 306–55.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lautt WW, Legare DJ, D’Almeida MS. Adenosine as putative regulator of hepatic arterial flow (the buffer response). Am J Physiol. 1985;248:H331–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Oda M, Kan S, Yokomori H. Regulatory mechanisms of the hepatic microcirculation. In: Miura Y, Itai Y, editors. Macroscopical observation of the hepatic microcirculation and of the characteristic blood flow of the liver tumor. Tokyo: Medical Tribune; 2000. (Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Miura Y. Regulatory mechanisms of the portal blood flow observed from the point of point of TAE. In: Miura Y, Itai Y, editors. Macroscopical observation of the hepatic microcirculation and of the characteristic blood flow of the liver tumor. Tokyo: Medical Tribune; 2000. (Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang Q, Yuan ZG, Wang DQ, et al. Perfusion CT findings in liver of patients with tumor during chemotherapy. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:3202–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Takahashi H, Suzuki M, Ikeda H, et al. Evaluation of quantitative portal venous, hepatic arterial, and total hepatic tissue blood flow using Xenon CT in alcoholic liver cirrhosis comparison with liver cirrhosis C. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007;31:43–8S.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hashimoto K, Murakami T, Dono K, et al. Assessment of the severity of liver disease and fibrotic change: the usefulness of hepatic CT perfusion imaging. Oncol Rep. 2006;16:677–83.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Moreno AH, Rousselot LM, Panke WF, et al. The rate of hepatic blood flow in normal subjects and in patients with portal hypertension. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1960;111:443–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sarpar R, Fajman WA, Rypins EB, et al. A noninvasive method for measuring portal venous-total hepatic blood flow by hepato-splenic radio-nuclide angiography. Radiology. 1989;141:179–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Shimada K. Clinical evaluation of the hepatic hemodynamics using 99mTc-DTPA-HAS scintiangiography in patients with viral chronic liver disease. Kanzo. 1994;35:11–8. (Japanese).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sumino Y, Wakui N, Takayama R, et al. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of the liver diseases. Jpn J Med Ultasonics, 2009. 36:301–18. (Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sumino Y, Takayama R, Nakajima S, et al. Ultrasound of the diffuse liver diseases. Kan-Tan-Sui. 2010;60:395–407. (Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sumino Y, Wakui N, Takayama R. Usefulness of the blood flow analysis with using the contrast enhanced ultrasound in patient with liver disease. INNERVISION. 2011;26:36–8. (Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ichida F, Omata M, Tsuji T, et al. Histopathological diagnostic criterion of the chronic hepatitis. In: Inuyama symposium, Chugai Co., Tokyo; 1996, p. 183–8. (Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Wakui N, Takayama R, Kanekawa T, et al. Usefulness of arrival time parametric imaging in evaluating the degree of liver disease progression in chronic hepatitis C infection. J Ultrasound Med. 2012;31:373–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wakui N, Takayama R, Kanekawa T, et al. Usefulness of parametric imaging in analyzing the portal blood flow. Jpn J Portal Hypertens. 2012;18:14–8. (Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Nakanuma Y, Kouda A, Katayanagi K. Pathology of the idiopathic portal hypertension. Kan-Tan-Sui. 1999;38:35–41. (Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sato Y, Kitamura S, Kitao A, et al. Pathology and pathogenesis of idiopathic portal hypertension. Kan-Tan-Sui. 2010;61:133–40. (Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yasukiyo Sumino .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sumino, Y. (2019). Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of Liver Cirrhosis. In: Obara, K. (eds) Clinical Investigation of Portal Hypertension. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7425-7_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7425-7_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7424-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7425-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics