Abstract
One might have reasonably concluded that it should not have been difficult to obtain additional funding for a follow-on research project focused on a topic that the president of the United States had designated as the “nation’s highest national priority .”
One would have been wrong. Project funding, which was obtained over the objections of RAND management, was used to fund a research project that focused on KGB, military intelligence and secret police records located in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Ukraine, East Germany and Moscow. The project was administered by a consulting company in Washington, DC.
In response to a DoD tasking, Dr. Cole demonstrated that North Vietnam was not teaching North Korea how to extract cash from the DoD in exchange for human remains. Instead, North Korea was taught how to extort DoD by a US Army colonel. Dr. Cole documents how the DoD provided tons of fresh food, fuel oil, dozens of luxury SUVs, and tens of millions of dollars in cash to the North Korean government.
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Notes
- 1.
Sweden Without The Bomb: The Conduct of a Nuclear-Capable Nation Without Nuclear Weapons, Paul M. Cole (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994).
- 2.
Foreign Policy 5 (Winter 1971–2).
- 3.
The gulag Study (Diane Publishing, 2005), p. 23. https://books.google.com/books?id=PJVB2sdI8bEC&pg=PA23&dq=sharashka+camps&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie9_bXm_fQAhUJRSYKHcf1CIAQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=sharashka%20camps&f=false
- 4.
The Sharashka System: The Link Between Specialized Soviet Prison Camps and American POW-MIA’s in Korea? (RAND , 1993).
- 5.
Hanoi and the POW/MIA Issue Special National Intelligence Estimate SNIE 14.3–87, Original date, August 2, 1987, date on coverpage September 1987. https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000095417.pdf
- 6.
The source of this information derives from an eyewitness to the event who described it to the author.
- 7.
Quinones, C. Kenneth, “Building Bridges – The US – DPRK 1994 Agreed Framework and The US Army’s Return To North Korea,” undated but file properties indicate 2008. http://ckquinones.com
- 8.
UN Security Council. “Letter Dated 9 May 1995 From The Deputy Permanent Representative Of The United States Of America To The United Nations Addressed To The President Of The Security Council,” May 11, 1995. “D. United National Command Remains Issue,” pp. 7–8. http://repository.un.org/bitstream/handle/11176/42636/S_1995_378-EN.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
- 9.
Memorandum for Undersecretary of Defense for Policy; Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller); Commander IN Chief, U.S. Pacific Command; Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller); Auditor General, Department of the Army From: DoD Office of the Inspector General Subject: Evaluation of DoD Controls Over Resources Used to Account for Missing U.S. Personnel (Project No. 6RB-5047), February 19, 1997. http://www.dodig.mil/audit/reports/fy97/97-096.pdf
- 10.
“Annex To The Record of Arrangement ,” “RECORD OF ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY CONCERNING JOINT FIELD ACTIVITIES FOR REMAINS OF UNITED STATES SERVICE PERSONNEL,” November 18, 2004, signed by Colonel General Ri Chan Bok, Representative Panmunjom Mission, Korean People’s Army, and Jerry D. Jennings, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, POW/Missing Personnel Affairs. (All capital letters in the original.)
- 11.
“Recovery Efforts in N. Korea Halted,” Robert Burns, Associated Press, May 25, 2005.
- 12.
“In Memory of Melinda Wheeler Cooke ,” Dignity Memorial, April 5, 2014. http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Melinda-Cooke&lc=1143&pid=170507330&mid=5920408
- 13.
Record of Arrangement between the United States Department of Defense and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korean People’s Army Concerning Joint Field Activities for Recovering the Remains of United States Personnel, October 20, 2011. This agreement was signed by Major General Pak Rim Su, Representative, Panmunjom Mission, Korean People’s Army, and Robert J. Newberry , Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, POW /Missing Personnel Affairs.
- 14.
“What The World Eats,” National Geographic, http://www.nationalgeographic.com/what-the-world-eats/
- 15.
See: “DoD MOU Between DOD Office of the USD (P&R) and Educational Institution and Service-Specific Addendums,” https://s3.amazonaws.com/dodmou/dodmouwebsite/documents/DODMOU+3+SAMPLE+July_10_2015.pdf
- 16.
DoD Controls Over Resources Used To Account For Missing U.S. Personnel, DoD Office of the Inspector General, February 19, 1997, Enclosure 1, p. 1.
- 17.
The remaining three JFAs were scheduled for June 5 to July 10, August 4 to September 8, and September 11 to October 8, 2012.
- 18.
Escalation and the Nuclear Option, Bernard Brodie (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966).
- 19.
DoD’s POW/MIA Mission: Top-Level Leadership Attention Needed to Resolve Longstanding Challenges in Accounting for Missing Persons from Past Conflicts, Government Accountability Office, July 2013, p. 17. http://www.gao.gov/assets/660/655916.pdf
- 20.
“Officials Suspend North Korea Nutrition Aid Over Planned Launch,” Karen Parrish, Militaryinfo.com, March 28, 2012. http://www.militaryinfo.com/news_story?textnewsid=8182
- 21.
Defense Prisoner of War / Missing Personnel Office (DPMO) Fiscal Year 2004/FY 2005 Biennial Budget Estimates, February 2003. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/budget/fy2004/dod/fy04pb_dpmo.pdf
- 22.
Defense Prisoner of War / Missing Personnel Office (DPMO) Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Estimates, February 2010. http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2011/budget_justification/pdfs/01_Operation_and_Maintenance/O_M_VOL_1_PARTS/DPMO_FY11.pdf
- 23.
Defense Prisoner Of War / Missing Personnel Office (DPMO) Fiscal Year (FY) 2012 President’s Budget, February 2011. This was the request for an allocation to cover Operation and Maintenance. http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/fy2012/budget_justification/pdfs/01_Operation_and_Maintenance/O_M_VOL_1_PARTS/O_M_VOL_1_BASE_PARTS/DPMO_OP-5_FY_2012.pdf
- 24.
In January 2016, Russian President Vladimir Putin declared that NATO expansion was a threat to Russian national security.
- 25.
Dr. Bazhanov became the president of the Russian Foreign Ministry’s Diplomatic Academy in 2011.
- 26.
General Makarevsky passed away in 2001.
- 27.
IMEMO was the Soviet Institute of World Economy and International Relations.
- 28.
“Revealed: Grim fate of MI6 agents betrayed by George Blake ,” Tom Parfitt and Justin Huggler, Daily Telegraph, March 14, 2015. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/11472573/Revealed-Grim-fate-of-the-MI6-agents-betrayed-by-George-Blake.html
- 29.
Blake pronounced “clerk” as “clark,” in Clark Kent.
- 30.
Memorandum for Dr. Kissinger From: John H. Holdridge Subject: North Vietnamese Exploitation of U.S. POW’s SECRET/NOFORN June 25, 1970. https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00789R002300950001-2.pdf. Mr. Holdridge was a senior staff member for the Far East of the National Security Council.
- 31.
“Until They Are Home: Behind The Doors At JPAC, Part I,” Robert Widener, VFW, April 2007. https://www.vfw.org/uploadedFiles/VFW.org/Community/POW-MIA%20info.pdf
- 32.
For a comprehensive history of the Central Identification Laboratory and its operations, see: “Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command’s Central Identification Laboratory,” Thomas Holland, John Byrd and Vincent Sava, The Forensic Anthropology Laboratory, edited by Michael W. Warren, Heather A. Walsh-Haney, and Laurel Freas, (CRC Press, 2008), pp. 47–62.
- 33.
POW/MIA Issues: Volume 1, the Korean War, op. cit., p. 256.
- 34.
The first photographs of the remains turned over by the DPRK to be released to the public appeared in POW/MIA Issues: Volume 2 – The Korean War , op. cit.
- 35.
Until the Last Man Comes Home: POWs, MIAs, and the Unending Vietnam War, Michael J. Allen (University of North Carolina Press, September 18, 2009), p. 6.
- 36.
These maps were still there, with Bashford ’s colored stick pins, as late as 2014.
- 37.
USCINCPAC Command History, Volume 1, 1992, op. cit., pp. 231–2.
- 38.
POW/MIA Affairs: Issues Related to the Identification of Human Remains From the Vietnam Conflict, op. cit., p. 64.
- 39.
Santa Monica , CA: RAND , P-7820, March 1993.
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Cole, P.M. (2018). Archive Research Follow-On Project. In: POW/MIA Accounting. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7128-7_11
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