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Introduction to Social Systems Engineering pp 249–304Cite as

Indicators, Models and Mathematical Modeling

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Abstract

One of the major difficulties of social systems engineering is measurement and quantification. Traditional systems engineering is mainly based upon the natural science. Mankind has mastered a relatively large part of the natural phenomena, and there are many laws, theorems and principles which can be applied to study certain objective or objective phenomena through models.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note: Kemeny (1969).

  2. 2.

    Source: Jay W. Forrester (updated March 1995) Counter-intuitive behavior of Social System. (Original text. Jan 1971)

  3. 3.

    Reference: Authored by Klein et al. (1993).

  4. 4.

    Note: SARUM is compilation of System Analysis Research Unit Model. It was hosted by Englishman Peter Roberts in 1974. It is a multi-area economic model. It was firstly applied in the OECO’s Enter the Future.

  5. 5.

    Note: UNITAD is a combined research project of UNIDO and UNCTAD, used to research the growth mode and the relation between trade structure and industrial structure.

  6. 6.

    Note: Reference: UN (1975).

  7. 7.

    Note: Reference: Pyatt and Thorbecke (1976).

  8. 8.

    Note: Dixon and Jorgenson (2013, p. 935).

  9. 9.

    Note: This book published in 1990 is based on the sub-report “Macro-Economic Model Projection of China Toward the Year 2000”. Which described in previous paragraph.

  10. 10.

    Note: TIVA Data Bank of OECD-WTO: http://Stats.OECD.org/index.aspx? Data Set Code=TIVA 2015 C1

  11. 11.

    Note: “World Intellectual Property Index 2011”.

  12. 12.

    Note: Zombie company is a media term for a company that needs constant bailouts in order to operate, or an indebted company that is able to repay the interest on the debts, but not reduce its debts.

  13. 13.

    Note: Oded (2011).

  14. 14.

    Note: This is in similar compared to Japan and South Korea in the same stage of development: Japan had an average annual growth rate of export around 15% in 1960s, but it was declined to less than 5% in past twenty years; moreover, South Korea had its growth rate of export declined from 30% to less than 10%.

  15. 15.

    Note: This is in consistent with the statistical data. Here, it refers to nominal growth.

  16. 16.

    Note: S.C.E. = Standard Coal Equivalent.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Development Research Center of the State Council, Beijing, China

    Huijiong Wang

  2. Department of Development Strategy and Regional Economy, Development Research Center of the State Council, Beijing, China

    Shantong Li

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  1. Huijiong Wang
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Correspondence to Huijiong Wang .

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Wang, H., Li, S. (2018). Indicators, Models and Mathematical Modeling. In: Introduction to Social Systems Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7040-2_6

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