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Role of Proteases in Tumor Immune Evasion

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Book cover Pathophysiological Aspects of Proteases

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Abstract

Proteolysis or protein degradation is an important biological function which has been attributed to a major class of enzymes called proteases. In the living system, a fine-tuning between the activity of proteases and their counterparts can be seen, and disruption of this balance leads to the occurrence of various diseases including cancer. Several studies indicate that protease activity highly correlated with cancer advancement. The hallmarks of cancer like tissue evasion and metastasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis largely depend on proteolytic degradation and protease activation. Protease also contributes to avoidance of immune system, one of the emerging hallmarks in cancer progression. The immune system can recognize intracellular pathogens including cancer and elicits an effective immune response to restrict their activity and subsequently protect the host. In cancer microenvironment, immune cells are unable to recognize tumor neoantigens as well as incapable of inducing proper immune response for the clearance of tumor cells. Recent studies found that proteases not only promote tumor cell migration and metastasis it also encourages to maintain the tolerogenic tumor microenvironment by modulation of immune cell functions. Proteases are involved in several immune responses such as antigen processing and presentation, lymphocytes and neutrophil infiltration, activation of dendritic cells. The anomalies of protease actions dampen immune cell activities and establish immune tolerance. Inappropriate protease activities are responsible for inhibiting immunosurveillance and maintaining immune tolerance that ultimately leads to tumor immune evasion. Involvement of proteases in cancer suggests the use of protease inhibitors as anticancer drugs to targets not only tumor cells as well as tolerogenic immune cells to reeducate immune responses and reestablish immune surveillance. This chapter summarizes the current understanding of the interplay between proteases and the immune cells of the body and their involvement in cancer progression.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India

    Abir K. Panda, Sreeparna Chakraborty, Kirti Kajal, Dia Roy, Tania Sarkar & Gaurisankar Sa

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  1. Abir K. Panda
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  2. Sreeparna Chakraborty
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  3. Kirti Kajal
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  4. Dia Roy
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  6. Gaurisankar Sa
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Correspondence to Gaurisankar Sa .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

  2. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Panda, A.K., Chakraborty, S., Kajal, K., Roy, D., Sarkar, T., Sa, G. (2017). Role of Proteases in Tumor Immune Evasion. In: Chakraborti, S., Dhalla, N. (eds) Pathophysiological Aspects of Proteases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6141-7_12

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