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Role of Personal Care Products and Phototoxicity

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Abstract

Cosmetics are chemical substances or products that are used to change the look or fragrance of the human beings. Mostly cosmetics are applied usually on the face and hair area. Sun acts as a natural source of different wavelengths that also contains ultraviolet (UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C) and many other radiations. Many ingredients present in cosmetics show absorption maxima (λmax) under visible light followed by ultraviolet radiation. Photosensitization of cosmetics results in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., 1O2 and O2 −, by the two different photosensitization mechanisms (type-I and type-II). The photosensitization of cosmetic products finally leads to ROS production and photoproduct formation. Oxidative stress mediated damage to biomolecules including DNA, formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), etc. Various adverse effects of cosmetics are being reported in the research articles that relate to genotoxicity, mutagenicity, photosensitization, skin irritation, acute toxicity, percutaneous absorption, and eye irritation. Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants suppress cosmetic toxicity as well as cellular defense machinery (Keap1/Nrf2 and MAPK) pathways. Phototoxicity of cosmetics may lead to skin and ocular damage as well as immune suppression. India is among the tropical countries, where most of the activities are done by common man in the bright sunlight like agriculture, commerce, sports, etc. Thus, information is needed regarding the cosmetic photoproducts and its phototoxicity for total human safety.

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Author notes

  1. Authors Syed Faiz Mujtaba and Ajeet K. Srivastav have been equally contributed to this chapter.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Photobiology Division, C.S.I.R-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India

    Syed Faiz Mujtaba, Ajeet K. Srivastav & Sandeep Negi

  2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Shia P.G. College, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Syed Faiz Mujtaba & Ratan S. Ray

  3. Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, India

    Ajeet K. Srivastav, Sandeep Negi & Jaya Upadhayay

  4. Department of Biomedical-Informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute, Lucknow, India

    Shikha Agnihotry

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  1. Syed Faiz Mujtaba
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  2. Ajeet K. Srivastav
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  3. Shikha Agnihotry
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  4. Sandeep Negi
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Correspondence to Ratan S. Ray .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ratan Singh Ray

  2. Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Chandana Haldar

  3. Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ashish Dwivedi

  4. Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA

    Neeraj Agarwal

  5. Photobiology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Jyoti Singh

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Mujtaba, S.F., Srivastav, A.K., Agnihotry, S., Negi, S., Upadhayay, J., Ray, R.S. (2018). Role of Personal Care Products and Phototoxicity. In: Ray, R., Haldar, C., Dwivedi, A., Agarwal, N., Singh, J. (eds) Photocarcinogenesis & Photoprotection. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5493-8_11

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