Abstract
Due to population decline and aging, Japan’s public finances and economy are moving toward a reduced equilibrium. At the current rate, Japan will fall into long-term stagnation. It is only through decisive action taken on the declining birth rate and the utilization of foreign labor that hold the key to preventing this crisis.
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- 1.
Cabinet Office 2017.
- 2.
European Commission 2016.
- 3.
European Commission 2015.
- 4.
Congressional Budget Office 2014.
- 5.
UK Office for Budget Responsibility 2015.
- 6.
IPSS 2015.
- 7.
IPSS 2012.
- 8.
OECD 2014a.
- 9.
Cabinet Office 2014.
- 10.
Cabinet Office 2008.
- 11.
MHLW 2015.
- 12.
- 13.
Cabinet Office 2010.
- 14.
Details of the levy can be found in the Ministry of Manpower, Singapore Government website. Retrieved from: http://www.mom.gov.sg/passes-and-permits/work-permit-for-foreign-worker/foreign-worker-levy
- 15.
National Tourism Organization 2014.
- 16.
The concept of “highly skilled professionals” is explained in Immigration Bureau of Japan (2015).
- 17.
OECD 2014b.
- 18.
Student Services Organization 2015.
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Kazumasa, O. (2018). Population Growth Policy and Public Finance. In: Funabashi, Y. (eds) Japan’s Population Implosion. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4983-5_8
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