Skip to main content

Abstract

Almost all calculi are composed of urinary waste products such as calcium oxalate, ammonium magnesium phosphate or uric acid; less than 0.1% contain, in addition, constituents such as haematin, fibrin, bilirubin and sulphonamide. As the vast majority of calculi contain calcium they are radio-opaque, to a degree dependent upon the percentage of calcium present.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Boyce, W.H. and Elkins, I.B.: Reconstructive renal surgery following anatrophic nephrolithotomy: follow–up of 100 consecutive cases. Journal of Urology 1 1 1: 307 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyce, W.H.; King, J.S. and Fielden, M.C.: Total non-dialysable solids in human urine, XIII. Immunological detection of a component peculiar to renal calculus matrix and to the urine of calculus patients. Journal of Clinical Investigation 41: 1180 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R.B.: The 5-year fate of 57 attempted conservative staghorn calculus operations. British Journal of Urology 51: 61 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R.B.: A cost analysis study of the management of lower ureteric calculi. British Journal of Urology 51: 420 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, R.J.: Aetiology of renal calculi: micro-radiographic studies. Renal stone research symposium ( Churchill, London 1969 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cordonnier, J.J. and Talbot, B.S.: The effect of the ingestion of sodium and phosphate on urinary calcium in recumbency. Journal of Urology 60: 316 (1948).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dretler, S.P.: Renal stone dissolution via percutaneous nephrostomy. New England Journal of Medicine 300: 341 (1979).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gil-Vernet, J.M. Jr.: New surgical concepts in removing renal calculi. Urologia Internationalis 20: 255 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, A.R. and Rose, G.A.: The incidence, investigation and treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuria. British Journal of Urology 46: 261 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hatch, L.S. and Cockett, T.K.: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Journal of Urology 92: 585 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maddern, J.P.: Surgery of the staghorn calculus. British Journal of Urology 39: 237 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, A.: The origin and growth or renal calculi. Annals of Surgery 105: 1009 (1937).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M.; Tresidder, G.C. and Blandy, J.P.: Long-term results of removal of staghorn calculi by extended pyelolithotomy without cooling or renal artery occlusion. British Journal of Urology 43: 658 (1971).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valyaseri, A.; Halstead, S.B. and Pantuwatana, S.: Studies of bladder stone disease in Thailand. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 20: 1340 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R.E.: Long-term survey of 538 patients with upper urinary tract stone. British Journal of Urology 35: 416 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Further Reading

  • Blandy, J.P.: The management of renal calculi. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 48: 159 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkinson, A. and Nordin, B.E.C.: Renal Stone Research Symposium ( Churchill Livingstone, London 1969 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyrah, L.N.: Renal Calculus ( Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1979 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wickham, J.E.A.: Urinary Calculus Disease, ( Churchill Livingstone, London 1979 ).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 ADIS Press

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Brown, R.B. (1982). Urinary Calculi. In: Clinical Urology Illustrated. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8096-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8096-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-8098-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-8096-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics