Abstract
Forests provide goods and services. While goods are understood as tangible and substantial in nature, services, also called intangibles, are the results of forests’ environmental and social functions. These include regulation of the water cycle; conservation of water and soil, e.g. water sheds; protection of agricultural soils; conservation of biodiversity; sequestration and storage of carbon; recreation; provision of grazing land for livestock; hunting; functions related to spirituality and religion, etc.
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Notes
- 1.
For definitions of forest, other wooded land, trees outside forests, etc., see FAO 2006.
- 2.
COMTRADE – United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics.
References
FAO (2006) Global forest resources assessment 2005, FAO forestry Paper 147, Rome
Mantau U, Wong J, Curl S (2007) Towards a Taxonomy of Forest Goods and Services. Small-scale Forestry 6: 391–409
INBAR (2008) Production and trade data on bamboo and rattan. http://www.inbar.int
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Killmann, W. (2009). Non–wood Forest Products for Livelihoods and Sustainable Development. In: Spathelf, P. (eds) Sustainable Forest Management in a Changing World. Managing Forest Ecosystems, vol 19. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3301-7_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3301-7_6
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