Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Indications for Aortic Surgery and Use of Guidelines

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Surgical Management of Aortic Pathology

Abstract

Practice guidelines offer a valuable foundation of information regarding management strategies for a variety of medical illnesses based on the strength of current scientific evidence. Given the low incidence of thoracic aortic disease as compared with other cardiovascular diseases and the unique nature of surgical practice, however, it is unlikely that there will be many randomized trials to form robust evidences to support recommendations in the guidelines. In addition, there have been growing concerns that practice guidelines will never be completely free of financial and professional biases. In this regard, it is our view that guideline recommendations establish some common ground for discussion regarding decision-making, but they should not be used as sole criterion in clinical practice given the limitations of supporting evidence. Therefore, readers of the practice guidelines should ideally be aware of weaknesses as well as strengths of each cited reference supporting so that they have more balanced sense on the recommendations. In this chapter, we will review current practice guidelines structured according to the clinical setting and location of the aortic diseases as well as their supporting references.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Lenzer J. Why we can’t trust clinical guidelines. BMJ. 2013;346:f3830.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al. 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:e27–e129.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C, et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2873–926.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Group JCSJW. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection (JCS 2011): digest version. Circ J. 2013;77:789–828.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hagan PG, Nienaber CA, Isselbacher EM, et al. The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD): new insights into an old disease. JAMA. 2000;283:897–903.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Chiappini B, Schepens M, Tan E, et al. Early and late outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection: analysis of risk factors in 487 consecutive patients. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:180–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Estrera AL, Miller CC 3rd, Safi HJ, et al. Outcomes of medical management of acute type B aortic dissection. Circulation. 2006;114:I384–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Mehta RH, O’Gara PT, Bossone E, et al. Acute type A aortic dissection in the elderly: clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in the current era. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:685–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Mehta RH, Suzuki T, Hagan PG, et al. Predicting death in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. Circulation. 2002;105:200–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Suzuki T, Mehta RH, Ince H, et al. Clinical profiles and outcomes of acute type B aortic dissection in the current era: lessons from the International Registry of Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Circulation. 2003;108(Suppl 1):II312–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Umana JP, Lai DT, Mitchell RS, et al. Is medical therapy still the optimal treatment strategy for patients with acute type B aortic dissections? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;124:896–910.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Crawford ES, Kirklin JW, Naftel DC, Svensson LG, Coselli JS, Safi HJ. Surgery for acute dissection of ascending aorta. Should the arch be included? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1992;104:46–59.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, Coselli JS, Safi HJ. Dissection of the aorta and dissecting aortic aneurysms. Improving early and long-term surgical results. Circulation. 1990;82:IV24–38.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Booher AM, Isselbacher EM, Nienaber CA, et al. The IRAD classification system for characterizing survival after aortic dissection. Am J Med. 2013;126:730.e19–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Masuda Y, Yamada Z, Morooka N, Watanabe S, Inagaki Y. Prognosis of patients with medically treated aortic dissections. Circulation. 1991;84:III7–13.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bossone E, Corteville DC, Harris KM, et al. Stroke and outcomes in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. Circulation. 2013;128:S175–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Tsukube T, Haraguchi T, Okada Y, et al. Long-term outcomes after immediate aortic repair for acute type A aortic dissection complicated by coma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;148:1013–8. discussion 8–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Yagdi T, Atay Y, Engin C, et al. Impact of organ malperfusion on mortality and morbidity in acute type A aortic dissections. J Card Surg. 2006;21:363–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Di Eusanio M, Trimarchi S, Patel HJ, et al. Clinical presentation, management, and short-term outcome of patients with type A acute dissection complicated by mesenteric malperfusion: observations from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145:385–90. e1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Song JK, Yim JH, Ahn JM, et al. Outcomes of patients with acute type A aortic intramural hematoma. Circulation. 2009;120:2046–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Song JK, Kim HS, Song JM, et al. Outcomes of medically treated patients with aortic intramural hematoma. Am J Med. 2002;113:181–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kitai T, Kaji S, Yamamuro A, et al. Clinical outcomes of medical therapy and timely operation in initially diagnosed type A aortic intramural hematoma: a 20-year experience. Circulation. 2009;120:S292–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Estrera A, Miller C 3rd, Lee TY, et al. Acute type A intramural hematoma: analysis of current management strategy. Circulation. 2009;120:S287–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Harris KM, Braverman AC, Eagle KA, et al. Acute aortic intramural hematoma: an analysis from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection. Circulation. 2012;126:S91–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hata M, Hata H, Sezai A, Yoshitake I, Wakui S, Shiono M. Optimal treatment strategy for type A acute aortic dissection with intramural hematoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;147:307–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Uchida K, Imoto K, Karube N, et al. Intramural haematoma should be referred to as thrombosed-type aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;44:366–9. discussion 9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Grimm M, Loewe C, Gottardi R, et al. Novel insights into the mechanisms and treatment of intramural hematoma affecting the entire thoracic aorta. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86:453–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Park KH, Lim C, Choi JH, et al. Prevalence of aortic intimal defect in surgically treated acute type A intramural hematoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86:1494–500.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kitai T, Kaji S, Yamamuro A, et al. Detection of intimal defect by 64-row multidetector computed tomography in patients with acute aortic intramural hematoma. Circulation. 2011;124:S174–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lansman SL, McCullough JN, Nguyen KH, et al. Subtypes of acute aortic dissection. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67:1975–8. discussion 9–80

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sueyoshi E, Sakamoto I, Hayashi K, Yamaguchi T, Imada T. Growth rate of aortic diameter in patients with type B aortic dissection during the chronic phase. Circulation. 2004;110:II256–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Tsai TT, Isselbacher EM, Trimarchi S, et al. Acute type B aortic dissection: does aortic arch involvement affect management and outcomes? Insights from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Circulation. 2007;116:I150–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kim JB, Sundt TM 3rd. Best surgical option for arch extension of type B aortic dissection: the open approach. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2014;3:406–12.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Fattori R, Tsai TT, Myrmel T, et al. Complicated acute type B dissection: is surgery still the best option?: a report from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2008;1:395–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Kaji S, Akasaka T, Katayama M, et al. Prognosis of retrograde dissection from the descending to the ascending aorta. Circulation. 2003;108(Suppl 1):II300–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kazui T, Tamiya Y, Tanaka T, Komatsu S. Extended aortic replacement for acute type A dissection with the tear in the descending aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;112:973–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lansman SL, Raissi S, Ergin MA, Griepp RB. Urgent operation for acute transverse aortic arch dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1989;97:334–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kim JB, Choo SJ, Kim WK, et al. Outcomes of acute retrograde type a aortic dissection with an entry tear in descending aorta. Circulation. 2014;130:S39–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Reul GJ, Cooley DA, Hallman GL, Reddy SB, Kyger ER 3rd, Wukasch DC. Dissecting aneurysm of the descending aorta. Improved surgical results in 91 patients. Arch Surg. 1975;110:632–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Erbel R, Oelert H, Meyer J, et al. Effect of medical and surgical therapy on aortic dissection evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography. Implications for prognosis and therapy. The European Cooperative Study Group on Echocardiography. Circulation. 1993;87:1604–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Tanaka M, Kimura N, Yamaguchi A, Adachi H. In-hospital and long-term results of surgery for acute type A aortic dissection: 243 consecutive patients. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;18:18–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Kim JB, Chung CH, Moon DH, et al. Total arch repair versus hemiarch repair in the management of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40:881–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Geirsson A, Bavaria JE, Swarr D, et al. Fate of the residual distal and proximal aorta after acute type a dissection repair using a contemporary surgical reconstruction algorithm. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;84:1955–64. discussion 64

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Shiono M, Hata M, Sezai A, Niino T, Yagi S, Negishi N. Validity of a limited ascending and hemiarch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;82:1665–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Tan ME, Dossche KM, Morshuis WJ, Kelder JC, Waanders FG, Schepens MA. Is extended arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection an additional risk factor for mortality? Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;76:1209–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Apaydin AZ, Buket S, Posacioglu H, et al. Perioperative risk factors for mortality in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;74:2034–9. discussion 9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Westaby S, Saito S, Katsumata T. Acute type A dissection: conservative methods provide consistently low mortality. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:707–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Easo J, Weigang E, Holzl PP, et al. Influence of operative strategy for the aortic arch in DeBakey type I aortic dissection: analysis of the German Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;144:617–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Yun KL, Glower DD, Miller DC, et al. Aortic dissection resulting from tear of transverse arch: is concomitant arch repair warranted? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1991;102:355–68. discussion 68–70

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Sun LZ, Qi RD, Chang Q, et al. Surgery for acute type A dissection using total arch replacement combined with stented elephant trunk implantation: experience with 107 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;138:1358–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Katayama A, Uchida N, Katayama K, Arakawa M, Sueda T. The frozen elephant trunk technique for acute type A aortic dissection: results from 15 years of experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;47:355–60. discussion 60

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Tamura K, Uchida N, Katayama A, Sutoh M, Kuraoka M, Sueda T. The frozen elephant trunk technique for retrograde acute type A aortic dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;148:561–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Uchida N, Shibamura H, Katayama A, Shimada N, Sutoh M, Ishihara H. Operative strategy for acute type a aortic dissection: ascending aortic or hemiarch versus total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;87:773–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Bachet J. Editorial comment: total arch repair versus hemiarch repair in the management of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40:887–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Mortality results for randomised controlled trial of early elective surgery or ultrasonographic surveillance for small abdominal aortic aneurysms. The UK Small Aneurysm Trial Participants. Lancet. 1998;352:1649–55.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Lederle FA, Johnson GR, Wilson SE, et al. Rupture rate of large abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients refusing or unfit for elective repair. JAMA. 2002;287:2968–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Santilli SM, Littooy FN, Cambria RA, et al. Expansion rates and outcomes for the 3.0-cm to the 3.9-cm infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35:666–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Darling RC, Messina CR, Brewster DC, Ottinger LW. Autopsy study of unoperated abdominal aortic aneurysms. The case for early resection. Circulation. 1977;56:II161–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): executive summary a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease) endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1239–312.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Rooke TW, Hirsch AT, Misra S, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the management of patients with peripheral artery disease (updating the 2005 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:2020–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Coady MA, Rizzo JA, Hammond GL, et al. What is the appropriate size criterion for resection of thoracic aortic aneurysms? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;113:476–91. discussion 89–91

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Davies RR, Goldstein LJ, Coady MA, et al. Yearly rupture or dissection rates for thoracic aortic aneurysms: simple prediction based on size. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:17–27. discussion 8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Davies RR, Gallo A, Coady MA, et al. Novel measurement of relative aortic size predicts rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81:169–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Svensson LG, Kouchoukos NT, Miller DC, et al. Expert consensus document on the treatment of descending thoracic aortic disease using endovascular stent-grafts. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85:S1–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al. ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Circulation. 2010;121:e266–369.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al. 2008 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease). Endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:e1–142.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Borger MA, Preston M, Ivanov J, et al. Should the ascending aorta be replaced more frequently in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;128:677–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Andrus BW, O’Rourke DJ, Dacey LJ, Palac RT. Stability of ascending aortic dilatation following aortic valve replacement. Circulation. 2003;108(Suppl 1):II295–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Gaudino M, Anselmi A, Morelli M, et al. Aortic expansion rate in patients with dilated post-stenotic ascending aorta submitted only to aortic valve replacement long-term follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:581–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Girdauskas E, Disha K, Raisin HH, Secknus MA, Borger MA, Kuntze T. Risk of late aortic events after an isolated aortic valve replacement for bicuspid aortic valve stenosis with concomitant ascending aortic dilation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012;42:832–7. discussion 7–8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Kim YG, Sun BJ, Park GM, et al. Aortopathy and bicuspid aortic valve: haemodynamic burden is main contributor to aortic dilatation. Heart. 2012;98:1822–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Lee SH, Kim JB, Kim DH, et al. Management of dilated ascending aorta during aortic valve replacement: valve replacement alone versus aorta wrapping versus aorta replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;146:802–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. McKellar SH, Michelena HI, Li Z, Schaff HV, Sundt TM 3rd. Long-term risk of aortic events following aortic valve replacement in patients with bicuspid aortic valves. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106:1626–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(22):2438–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:2440.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Tzemos N, Therrien J, Yip J, et al. Outcomes in adults with bicuspid aortic valves. JAMA. 2008;300:1317–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Michelena HI, Khanna AD, Mahoney D, et al. Incidence of aortic complications in patients with bicuspid aortic valves. JAMA. 2011;306:1104–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Davies RR, Kaple RK, Mandapati D, et al. Natural history of ascending aortic aneurysms in the setting of an unreplaced bicuspid aortic valve. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83:1338–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Svensson LG, Kim KH, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM. Relationship of aortic cross-sectional area to height ratio and the risk of aortic dissection in patients with bicuspid aortic valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126:892–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Park CB, Greason KL, Suri RM, Michelena HI, Schaff HV, Sundt TM 3rd. Fate of nonreplaced sinuses of Valsalva in bicuspid aortic valve disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;142:278–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Yasuda H, Nakatani S, Stugaard M, et al. Failure to prevent progressive dilation of ascending aorta by aortic valve replacement in patients with bicuspid aortic valve: comparison with tricuspid aortic valve. Circulation. 2003;108(Suppl 1):II291–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Russo CF, Mazzetti S, Garatti A, et al. Aortic complications after bicuspid aortic valve replacement: long-term results. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;74:S1773–6. discussion S92–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Ergin MA, Spielvogel D, Apaydin A, et al. Surgical treatment of the dilated ascending aorta: when and how? Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67:1834–9. discussion 53–6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Boissonnas CC, Davy C, Bornes M, et al. Careful cardiovascular screening and follow-up of women with Turner syndrome before and during pregnancy is necessary to prevent maternal mortality. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:929.e5–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Elefteriades JA. Natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysms: indications for surgery, and surgical versus nonsurgical risks. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;74:S1877–80. discussion S92–8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Gott VL, Greene PS, Alejo DE, et al. Replacement of the aortic root in patients with Marfan’s syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1307–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Kouchoukos NT, Dougenis D. Surgery of the thoracic aorta. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1876–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Vallely MP, Semsarian C, Bannon PG. Management of the ascending aorta in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease. Heart Lung Circ. 2008;17:357–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Svensson LG, Khitin L. Aortic cross-sectional area/height ratio timing of aortic surgery in asymptomatic patients with Marfan syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123:360–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Loeys BL, Schwarze U, Holm T, et al. Aneurysm syndromes caused by mutations in the TGF-beta receptor. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:788–98.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Svensson LG, Blackstone EH, Rajeswaran J, et al. Does the arterial cannulation site for circulatory arrest influence stroke risk? Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78:1274–84. discussion 84

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Greenberg RK, Haddad F, Svensson L, et al. Hybrid approaches to thoracic aortic aneurysms: the role of endovascular elephant trunk completion. Circulation. 2005;112:2619–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Svensson LG. The elephant trunk procedure: uses in complex aortic diseases. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2005;20:491–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Svensson LG, Kim KH, Blackstone EH, et al. Elephant trunk procedure: newer indications and uses. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78:109–16. discussion 16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Estrera AL, Rubenstein FS, Miller CC 3rd, Huynh TT, Letsou GV, Safi HJ. Descending thoracic aortic aneurysm: surgical approach and treatment using the adjuncts cerebrospinal fluid drainage and distal aortic perfusion. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:481–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, Coselli JS, Safi HJ. Variables predictive of outcome in 832 patients undergoing repairs of the descending thoracic aorta. Chest. 1993;104:1248–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Matsumura JS, Cambria RP, Dake MD, Moore RD, Svensson LG, Snyder S. International controlled clinical trial of thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair with the Zenith TX2 endovascular graft: 1-year results. J Vasc Surg. 2008;47:247–57. discussion 57

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, Coselli JS, Safi HJ. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms associated with celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal artery occlusive disease: methods and analysis of results in 271 patients. J Vasc Surg. 1992;16:378–89. discussion 89–90

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

    Joon Bum Kim

  2. Edward D. Churchill Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Thoralf M. Sundt III

  3. Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Thoralf M. Sundt III

  4. Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Thoralf M. Sundt III

Authors
  1. Joon Bum Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Thoralf M. Sundt III
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thoralf M. Sundt III .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fmr Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

    Olaf H. Stanger

  2. Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK

    John R. Pepper

  3. Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Lars G. Svensson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kim, J.B., Sundt, T.M. (2019). Indications for Aortic Surgery and Use of Guidelines. In: Stanger, O., Pepper, J., Svensson, L. (eds) Surgical Management of Aortic Pathology. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4874-7_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4874-7_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-4872-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-4874-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation