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Basic Methods Handbook for Clinical Orthopaedic Research pp 193–206Cite as

Visualizing Data

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Abstract

Outstanding tables and figures are essential to ensure audiences understand your research quickly and accurately, whether they are viewing your paper, poster, or presentation. The hierarchy of human graphical perception ability, as described by Cleveland and McGill (J Am Stat Assoc 79(387):531–554, 1985), can be used to achieve the two major principles of data visualization, put forth by information design pioneer Edward Tufte: Graphical Excellence and Visual Integrity. These principles can help researchers create effective graphs and charts. While graphs and charts are able to convey complex information more efficiently than tables, good tables make individual data values available to the reader.

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References

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA

    Stephen Lyman, Naomi Roselaar & Chisa Hidaka

Authors
  1. Stephen Lyman
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  2. Naomi Roselaar
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  3. Chisa Hidaka
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephen Lyman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. UPMC Rooney Sports Complex, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Volker Musahl

  2. Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Jón Karlsson

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland (Bruderholz, Laufen und Liestal), Bruderholz, Switzerland

    Michael T. Hirschmann

  4. McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Olufemi R. Ayeni

  5. Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA

    Robert G. Marx

  6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA

    Jason L. Koh

  7. Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan

    Norimasa Nakamura

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Lyman, S., Roselaar, N., Hidaka, C. (2019). Visualizing Data. In: Musahl, V., et al. Basic Methods Handbook for Clinical Orthopaedic Research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58254-1_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58254-1_21

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-58253-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-58254-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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